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Physica Scripta

Quantum and Classical Correspondance of Damped-Amplified Oscillators

Jeong-Ryeol Choi, Shou Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2002• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We used an invariant operator to obtain the Schrödinger solution of damped-amplified oscillators. The expectation values of the quantum mechanical energy operator correspond to the classical energy. The geometrical phase of the system increased linearly with time. We confirmed that the uncertainty principle always holds. The uncertainty relation in coherent state is the same as the minimum value of that in number state.

DOI
10.1238/physica.regular.066a00337

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We used an invariant operator to obtain the Schrödinger solution of damped-amplified oscillators. The expectation values of the quantum mechanical energy operator correspond to the classical energy. The geometrical phase of the system increased linearly with time. We confirmed that the uncertainty principle always holds. The uncertainty relation in coherent state is the same as the minimum value of that in number state.
This is a pedagogical paper where we present a physically motivated approach to introduce the coherent states of a harmonic oscillator from which it is simple to rigorously derive their mathematical definition. We do this in two different ways that turn out to be equivalent but emphasize two related but different aspects of classicality. First, we analyze which are the quantum states that are the closest one can get to a point in phase space and demonstrate the validity of the following theorem: (i) The product of the uncertainty in position and that of momentum saturates the bound imposed by Heisenberg uncertainty relations for all times if and only if the state is an eigenstate of the annihilation operator. Second, we analyze the way in which the difference between the expectation value of the energy and the energy associated with the expectation values of position and momentum depends on the state, and show the validity of the following theorem (ii) the difference between the expectation value of the energy and the energy associated with the expectation values is minimal if and only if the state is an eigenstate of the annihilation operator. We also show that the reason why coherent states are chosen as the most classical ones by the decoherence process induced by coupling the particle to an environment in the standard Quantum Brownian motion model, is precisely due to the validity of the two above theorems.
We consider several models of the damped oscillators in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics in a framework of a general approach to the dynamics of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation with variable quadratic Hamiltonians. The Green functions are explicitly found in terms of elementary functions and the corresponding gauge transformations are discussed. The factorization technique is applied to the case of a shifted harmonic oscillator. The time-evolution of the expectation values of the energy related operators is determined for two models of the quantum damped oscillators under consideration. The classical equations of motion for the damped oscillations are derived for the corresponding expectation values of the position operator.
The time dependent harmonic oscillator is solved explicitly for quantum mechanics by the operator method with an auxiliary condition as the classical solution. Two classical invariant quantities which determine whether or not the system is bound are derived by the classical equation of motion. We obtain the invariant operator from one classical invariant quantity. Its eigenfunction is related to the solution of Schrodinger equation of the system and its eigenvalue is related to another classical quantity. The wave function is evaluated exactly by the eigenfunction of the invariant operator but it is not the eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian of the system. The uncertainty which calculates with the wave function is not a minimum one. We will confirm that the function which holds minimum uncertainty is a eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian.
We consider several models of the damped oscillators in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics in a framework of a general approach to the dynamics of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation with variable quadratic Hamiltonians. The Green functions are explicitly found in terms of elementary functions and the corresponding gauge transformations are discussed. The factorization technique is applied to the case of a shifted harmonic oscillator. The time-evolution of the expectation values of the energy related operators is determined for two models of the quantum damped oscillators under consideration. The classical equations of motion for the damped oscillations are derived for the corresponding expectation values of the position operator.
In this paper we use the algebraic and the invariant method to study the time-dependent damped harmonic oscillator from classical and quantum points of view. The solution of the classical equation of motion and the wavefunction solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation are found explicitly. We show that the original time-dependent quantum-mechanical problem is completely related to the well known time-independent harmonic oscillator. In addition, we elucidate the intimate connection between the damped harmonic oscillator (DHO) and the generalized harmonic oscillator (GHO). More importantly, the evolution of the states of the DHO cannot be cyclic, in contradistinction with the states of the GHO. Explicit expressions for both the dynamical and the geometric angles and phases are deduced in the adiabatic limit. The coherent states describing the invariant-angle variables of the classical DHO are constructed; they allow us to recover the classical evolution and invariant from the quantum evolution.