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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Differential Phase-Shift Quantum Key Distribution Systems

Kyo Inoue

Published Sep 26, 2014• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Differential phase-shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) is a unique QKD protocol that is different from traditional ones, featuring simplicity and practicality. This paper overviews DPS-QKD systems.
DOI
10.1109/jstqe.2014.2360362

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Quantum key distribution is used for secure communication between two parties for generation of secret key. Differential Phase Shift Quantum Key Distribution is a new and unique QKD protocol that is different from traditional ones, providing simplicity and practicality. This paper presents Delay Selected DPS-QKD scheme in which it uses a weak coherent pulse train, and features simple configuration and efficient use of the time domain. All detected photon participate to form a secure key bits and resulting in a higher key creation efficiency.
A unique quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, called DPS (differential-phase-shift) QKD, has been proposed and developed at NTT and Osaka University, which utilizes a coherent pulse train instead of individual photons as in traditional QKD protocols such as BB84. Its security is based on the fact that every phase difference of a highlyattenuated coherent pulse train cannot be fully measured. This protocol has features of simple setup, potential for a high key creation rate, and robustness against photon-number-splitting attack. This paper presents recent research activities on DPS-QKD.
A novel type of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, called DPS (differential-phase-shift) QKD, was proposed several years ago. A sender transmits a highly-attenuated coherent pulse train with {0, π} phase, and a receiver receives it with a one-bit delay Mach-Zehnder interferometer followed by photon detectors. A secret key is created from photon detection events, whose security is based on the fact that an eavesdropper cannot perfectly measure the phase information of a highly-attenuated coherent pulse train. This protocol has some features of simple setup, potential for a high key creation rate, and robustness against photon-number-splitting attack. This paper overviews DPS-QKD. The operation mechanism is described, and then some experimental efforts are introduced, featuring use of a glass waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer and advanced single-photon detectors. The highest key rate and the longest distance have been achieved with the DPS-QKD protocol. Some modified schemes are also presented, including that utilizing quantum entanglement, that using decoy pulses, and that using macroscopic coherent light.
NTT Basic Research Laboratories has been researching and developing differential phase shift quantum key distribution (DPS-QKD), a new QKD protocol.This article introduces the basics of this protocol, proof-of-principle experiments, the development of a prototype system, and a field experiment done at the Tokyo QKD Network demonstration in October 200.* Sifted key: The sifted key is the initial raw key generated through photon transmission using a QKD protocol such as DPS-QKD or BB84.It has some errors due to system imperfections, so the final key is distilled through the error-correction and privacy-amplification processes.