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Improving the Physical-Layer Security of Wireless Two-Way Relaying via Analog Network Coding

Hui‐Ming Wang, Qinye Yin, Xiang‐Gen Xia

Published Dec 1, 2011• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we address the physical-layer security of two-way (bi-directional) transmissions of two terminals with the help of multiple relay nodes in the presence of an eavesdropper, where each node in the network is only equipped with single antenna. The secrecy sum rate is used as the metric of security, which is the rate difference between the legitimate information exchange between the terminals and the information leakage to the eavesdropper. We propose two-phase analog network coding (ANC) and power allocation scheme for the relay nodes and terminals to enhance the security of the data exchange. Three different schemes are proposed. The first scheme is the optimal ANC to achieve the maximum secrecy sum rate, i.e. secrecy capacity, which is found to be mathematically difficult to solve. Two suboptimal schemes are proposed with and without the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper, respectively. The solutions of both schemes are shown to be unique and globally optimum, which are solved by convex optimization techniques. Numerical evaluation results of the obtained secrecy sum rate and transmit power are provided and analyzed to show the properties and efficiency of the proposed ANCs.

DOI
10.1109/glocom.2011.6134383

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In this paper, we address the physical-layer security of two-way (bi-directional) transmissions of two terminals with the help of multiple relay nodes in the presence of an eavesdropper, where each node in the network is only equipped with single antenna. The secrecy sum rate is used as the metric of security, which is the rate difference between the legitimate information exchange between the terminals and the information leakage to the eavesdropper. We propose two-phase analog network coding (ANC) and power allocation scheme for the relay nodes and terminals to enhance the security of the data exchange. Three different schemes are proposed. The first scheme is the optimal ANC to achieve the maximum secrecy sum rate, i.e. secrecy capacity, which is found to be mathematically difficult to solve. Two suboptimal schemes are proposed with and without the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper, respectively. The solutions of both schemes are shown to be unique and globally optimum, which are solved by convex optimization techniques. Numerical evaluation results of the obtained secrecy sum rate and transmit power are provided and analyzed to show the properties and efficiency of the proposed ANCs.
In this paper, we address the security of a two-way relay network in the presence of an eavesdropper, where each node is only equipped with single antenna. We propose two-phase distributed analog network coding, or distributed beamforming and power allocation to enhance the secrecy sum rate of the data exchange. In the first phase, the two terminals broadcast their information data simultaneously to all the relay nodes. In the second phase, three different security schemes are proposed: optimal beamforming, null-space beamforming, and artificial noise beamforming. In the first scheme, the objective is to achieve the maximum secrecy sum rate of the two terminals. Mathematically, the objective function is difficult to optimize. In the second scheme, we maximize the total information exchanged while we eliminate the information leakage completely, subject to the total transmission power constraint. We show that the problem has a unique and global optimum, which can be solved using bisection method. When the instantaneous channel state information of the eavesdropper is not available, we propose an artificial noise beamforming in the third scheme. We minimize the information transmission power so that the artificial noise power is maximized to eliminate information leakage, under the constraints of quality of service (QoS) required by terminals. It is a second-order convex cone programming (SOCP) problem, thus can be efficiently solved using interior point methods. Numerical results are provided and analyzed to show the properties and efficiency of the proposed designs.
This work investigates the vulnerability of analog network coding (ANC) to physical layer attacks from adversarial users, when all nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. Specifically, we examine the MIMO two way relay channel (TWRC) with two users trying to communicate with each other via a relay node in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. We propose a new performance metric, namely the secrecy sum rate of the MIMO TWRC, to quantify performance. We then consider secure transmission strategies for the scenarios of no eavesdropper channel state information at the transmitters (ECSIT) and complete ECSIT, respectively. Finally, numerical results are presented to illustrate the improvement in secrecy obtained with the proposed transmission schemes.
In this paper, we address the physical-layer security of a two-way wireless transmission with the help of multiple inter-mediate nodes in the presence of an eavesdropper. We propose a hybrid cooperative relaying and jamming mechanism to enhance the security of the data exchange, where some intermediate nodes adopt distributed beamforming to improve the channel quality to legitimate terminals and others jam the eavesdropper, simultaneously. Two different schemes are proposed with and without the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper, respectively. The solutions of both schemes can be obtained by convex optimization techniques. Comparisons show that the proposed hybrid schemes greatly improve the security of the two-way relay networks.
Exploiting the idea of cooperative communications is an efficient way to improve the physical-layer security of a wireless transmission in the presence of passive eavesdroppers. In this paper, we propose a hybrid cooperative relaying and jamming scheme to enhance the security of a two-way relay network, where some intermediate nodes help to relay the signal to the legitimate terminals via distributed beamforming and the others jam the eavesdropper simultaneously. In such a way, both two cooperative phases of the data transmission are protected. Subjected to the more practical per-node power constraint of each node and without the channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper, we propose a scheme to enhance the secrecy of the two terminals. It is shown that the problem can be transformed into a semidefinite programming (SDP) problem with an additional rank-1 constraint. We then develop a penalty function method and an iterative algorithm to solve such a problem efficiently, instead of the popular semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and randomization techniques proposed in the previous literatures. Simulations show that the proposed hybrid scheme greatly improves the security of the two-way relay networks.
In this paper, we investigate physical-layer transmission security problem of a two-way relay wireless network consisting of two legitimate terminal nodes who wants to communicate with each other in presence of one eavesdropper, with help of N intermediate nodes. We propose a cooperative relaying and jamming strategy, which selecting one intermediate node to create intentional interference upon the eavesdropper, while other K = N -1 intermediate nodes operating in relay mode and assisting the source nodes to deliver data to their corresponding destinations using an amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol. All N intermediate nodes in this system are under a per-node power constraint. When K ≥ 3, we propose two different system design criteria based on null-space beamforming, to maximize secrecy sum rate by rate-splitting method with a bisection numerical algorithm iteratively getting the maximal secrecy sum rate, or to maximize the minimum rate between the two terminals. And we also propose the modified security schemes when the number of intermediate nodes is not enough for the previously mentioned schemes (K <; 3).
Cooperative relaying and jamming are two efficient schemes to improve the physical-layer security of a wireless transmission in the presence of an eavesdropper. In this paper, we propose a hybrid cooperative relaying and jamming mechanism to enhance the security of a two-way relay network, where some intermediate nodes adopt distributed beamforming to improve the channel quality to legitimate terminals and others jam the eavesdropper, simultaneously. Subjected to the more practical per-node power constraint of each cooperative node, we propose a secrecy scheme to maximize the secrecy sum rate of the two terminals. It is shown that the problem can be transformed into a semi-definite programming (SDP) problem with an additional rank-1 constraint. We then propose a penalty function method and an iterative algorithm to solve such a problem efficiently, instead of the popular semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and randomization technique in the previous literature. Simulations show that the proposed hybrid schemes greatly improve the security of the two-way relay networks.