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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Laser-induced dispersion in a three-level system

Kalle‐Antti Suominen, Birger Stahlberg, Stig Stenholm

Published Sep 1, 1991• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical calculation of the polarization changes of a weak probe laser beam as it traverses a strongly pumped gaseous atomic medium is presented. The medium is chosen to be a three-level cascade (J = 0–J = 1–J = 0) system. The polarization of the probe changes from linear to elliptical owing to the asymmetrical population transfer induced by a strong, circularly polarized pumping laser beam. We study this phenomenon as a function of laser intensities, laser detunings, and the relaxation parameters of the medium. We compare the predictions of the theory with results obtained from experimental studies of the neon 1s4(J = 1)–2p4(J = 2)–3s2(J = 1) system.

DOI
10.1364/josab.8.001899

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A theoretical calculation of the polarization changes of a weak probe laser beam as it traverses a strongly pumped gaseous atomic medium is presented. The medium is chosen to be a three-level cascade (J = 0–J = 1–J = 0) system. The polarization of the probe changes from linear to elliptical owing to the asymmetrical population transfer induced by a strong, circularly polarized pumping laser beam. We study this phenomenon as a function of laser intensities, laser detunings, and the relaxation parameters of the medium. We compare the predictions of the theory with results obtained from experimental studies of the neon 1s4(J = 1)–2p4(J = 2)–3s2(J = 1) system.
A change in the polarization state of a 50-μW single-mode 633-nm He–Ne-laser beam is induced with a 12–24-mW single-mode 609.6-nm dye-laser beam. The polarization change is induced in the interaction with the cascade 1s4(J = 1) → 2p4 (J = 2) → 3s2 (J = 1) systems in a 20Ne 6-mA dc discharge. The linearly polarized He–Ne-laser beam becomes elliptically polarized, and the ellipse major semiaxis is rotated from the original direction of the linear polarization. The copropagating dye-laser beam is circularly polarized. Experimental details are presented. Measured results for the polarization ellipse are compared with those predicted by a semiclassical calculation for a J = 0 → J = 1 → J = 0 model. In the Ne gas pressure range 40–150 Pa (0.30–1.13 Torr), good agreement is obtained.
Near the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency in a three-level system, the absorption experienced by the weak probe laser beam interacting with one transition is very sensitive to the frequency detuning of the strong-coupling laser beam coupled to another transition. When the frequency detuning of the coupling laser is modulated at different frequencies, the resulting change in probe absorption as a function of that modulation frequency can be described by a transfer function. The effects on the transfer function from various experimental parameters are calculated numerically. Experimental measurements are shown to be in good agreement with the predicted behavior.
A theoretical investigation of the change in polarization of ultrashort pulses of light near the two-photon resonance is carried out. A strong wave of circular polarization in the medium induces optical anisotropy which affects the change in weak probe-wave polarization. It is shown, that owing to an interaction transient, the probe-wave polarization becomes elliptical whose parameters change depending on time and position. This leads, in turn, to oscillation dependence of the rotated component of the probe field amplitude on the pumping energy, and the length and density of the resonant medium.
We have observed the Doppler-free dichroism and birefringence induced by a linearly polarized laser beam (pump beam) by monitoring the polarization and amplitude changes of a weak probe beam through an analyzer. The effects have been observed in two-level systems and also in three-level systems of Ne I. At rather low pump power, a typical refractive-index anisotropy of 10−8 has been measured. We have shown that, when the normal resonance curve exhibits a broad background due to collisions, our method allows the elimination of this background. In addition, using a rotating analyzer, we have obtained simultaneously the dichroism and birefringence curves, i.e., the imaginary and real part of the anisotropic-induced susceptibility.