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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Collisionally induced transfer of orientation and alignment between 6s6d levels of mercury

M. Łukaszewski, D. Lecler

Published Jul 28, 1978• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Mercury atoms are stepwise excited to the 6s6d levels by means of a mercury lamp (6 1 S 0 to 6 1 P 1 ) and a CW tunable dye laser (6 1 P 1 to 6 1 D 2 or 6 3 D 2 ). The transfer of coherence (orientation and alignment) between these levels induced in collisions with noble-gas (helium and xenon) atoms is studied in a weak magnetic field by means of the Hanle effect. Values of the cross sections for coherence transfer are determined from the experimental data.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/11/14/012

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Physical Review Letters•Feb 2, 1970•9 citations
Mercury atoms are stepwise excited to the 6s6d levels by means of a mercury lamp (6 1 S 0 to 6 1 P 1 ) and a CW tunable dye laser (6 1 P 1 to 6 1 D 2 or 6 3 D 2 ). The transfer of coherence (orientation and alignment) between these levels induced in collisions with noble-gas (helium and xenon) atoms is studied in a weak magnetic field by means of the Hanle effect. Values of the cross sections for coherence transfer are determined from the experimental data.
The 8 2S^{2}S2S state of rubidium is selectively populated by stepwise excitation using light from a rubidium lamp and a tunable dye laser. Excitation transfer from the 8 2S^{2}S2S to the 6 2D^{2}D2D state is studied in a glass cell containing rubidium vapor and noble-gas atoms at different pressures and ground-state rubidium atoms as perturbers. The thermally averaged cross sections for excitation transfer (in units of ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}15}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2) are 0.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05, 3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2, 2.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9, 1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7, and 4.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.6 for the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively, and (6.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 for rubidium atoms. The results show that the excitation-transfer cross sections for intermediately excited states cannot be accurately scaled from simple models.
The cross sections for transfer of population from the Hg 6 3 D 1 level to the other levels of the 6s6d configuration, induced by collisions against N 2 molecules, are measured using, for the selective excitation of metastable 6 3 P 0 Hg atoms, a tunable dye laser with frequency doubling producing pulses of 2967 AA light. The following results are obtained: sigma ( 3 D 1 to 1 D 2 )=100+or-20 AA 2 , sigma ( 3 D 1 to 3 D 2 )=30+or-7 AA 2 , sigma ( 3 D 1 to 3 D 3 )=33+or-10 AA 2 , sigma ( 1 D 2 to q)=150+or-50 AA 2 , sigma ( 1 D 2 to q), being the cross section for population transfers from the 6 1 D 2 level to all Hg levels besides the 6 3 D 1 level.
Cross sections for the transfer of excitation between fine-structure sublevels of the 9D state of caesium due to collisions with noble-gas atoms are measured. The experimental method employs stepwise excitation with a pulsed dye laser in the second step (6 2 P 3/2 to 9 2 D 5/2 ) and time-resolved detection of sensitised fluorescence 9 2 D 3/2 to 6 2 P 1/2 . The cross sections for the process Cs(9 2 D 3/2 )+A to Cs(9 2 D 5/2 )+A are (in units of 10 -14 cm 2 ) 7.6(1.5), 2.5(5), 2.7(5), 3.0(6) and 3.2(6) for A=He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe, respectively. For all the noble gases except helium the experimental cross sections are a few times smaller than the ones obtained in a recent semiclassical calculation.
Hanle effect studies using circularly polarized laser beam and linearly polarized laser beam were carried out. Lifetimes, orientation and alignment destruction cross sections were measured for the 5 d 33 , 6 p 22 and 6 p 01 excited levels of xenon. The observed ratio of orientational cross section to alignment cross section for Xe–Xe scattering was 1.1±0.4 for the 5 d 33 level, and 0.55±0.2 for the 6 p 22 level. The ratio for Xe–He scattering was 0.8±0.2 for the 5 d 33 level and 0.6±0.2 for the 6 p 22 level. They are compared with those calculated by Wang and Tomlinson. The observed radiative lifetime was 520±30 ns for the 5 d 33 level, 35±2 ns for the 6 p 22 level and 37±4 ns for the 6 p 01 level. The decay rate of the 5 d 33 level observed in the coherence transfer with spontaneous emission is consistent with the width of the Mania signal.
Coefficients are calculated for the alignment transfer between levels of hyperfine structure (hfs) of atoms with electron momenta j=1, 1.5, and 2 and nuclear spins i=0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 under the influence of nonresonance collisions with atoms of a foreign gas. The results are tabulated. A concrete application of the results is illustrated in calculating numerical values of the effective cross sections for collisional transfer of alignment between hfs levels of the first excited nsup2sup 2sup2Psub3sub 3sub3/sub2sub 2sub2 state of rubidium and cesium atoms. (AIP)
The zero-field level-crossing signal of even isotopes of natural Hg excited by resonant collisions from directly excited Hg198{\mathrm{Hg}}^{198}Hg198 atoms has been observed with circularly polarized light. The signal is proportional to the atomic "orientation" (mean value of the angular momentum of the excited atoms). The sense of this orientation is reversed when the excitation is transferred by collisions from Hg198{\mathrm{Hg}}^{198}Hg198 to other isotopes, as predicted by the theory.