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Physical Review A

Multisqueezing of mechanical states and back-action evasion measurements

Franco Bordoni, Roberto Onofrio

Published Jan 1, 1990• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A technique is proposed to improve the squeezing of the mechanical noise in a back-action evasion measurement. The scheme is based on the use of a parametric multipump system and, in the limit of many pump components, approaches a stroboscopic measurement. A simple model of the back-action evasion effect for this scheme is developed. Experimental evidence of a significant increase in the squeezing with respect to the two-pump scheme and in accordance with the model is reported.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.41.21

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Physical Review Letters•Jan 2, 1989•212 citations
A technique is proposed to improve the squeezing of the mechanical noise in a back-action evasion measurement. The scheme is based on the use of a parametric multipump system and, in the limit of many pump components, approaches a stroboscopic measurement. A simple model of the back-action evasion effect for this scheme is developed. Experimental evidence of a significant increase in the squeezing with respect to the two-pump scheme and in accordance with the model is reported.
After a general review of the analysis already available for back-action evasion schemes a perturbative approach is introduced and applied to a simple case. As a generalization of the back-action evasion schemes the concept of optimal pumping spectrum is introduced: it works for a unified treatment of stroboscopic and continuous quantum nondemolition strategies. Generalized back-action evasion strategies are introduced and studied in simple applications: they open the possibility for developing high-sensitivity schemes for the measurements of small forces. In particular, estimates of the noise figure for generalized back-action evasion transducers are discussed in detail.
Previous works for achieving mechanical squeezing focused mainly on the sole squeezing manipulation method. Here we study how to construct strong steady-state mechanical squeezing via the joint effect between Duffing nonlinearity and parametric pump driving. We find that the 3 dB limit of strong mechanical squeezing can be easily overcome from the joint effect of two different below 3 dB squeezing components induced by Duffing nonlinearity and parametric pump driving, respectively, without the need of any extra technologies, such as quantum measurement or quantum feedback. We first demonstrate that, in the ideal mechanical bath, the joint squeezing effect just is the superposition of the two respective independent squeezing components. The mechanical squeezing constructed by the joint effect is fairly robust against the mechanical thermal noise. Moreover, different from previous mechanical squeezing detection schemes, which need to introduce an additional ancillary cavity mode, the joint mechanical squeezing effect in the present scheme can be directly measured by homodyning the output field of the cavity with an appropriate phase. The joint idea opens up a new approach to construct strong mechanical squeezing and can be generalized to realize other strong macroscopic quantum effects.