Relationships between quantum physics and biology

Shoji Ichimura

Esteban Guevara Hidalgo

The relationships between game theory and quantum mechanics let us propose certain quantization relationships through which we could describe and understand not only quantum but also classical, evolutionary and the biological systems that were described before through the replicator dynamics. Quantum mechanics could be used to explain more correctly biological and economical processes and even it could encloses theories like games and evolutionary dynamics. This could make quantum mechanics a more general theory that we had thought. Although both systems analyzed are described through two apparently different theories (quantum mechanics and game theory) it is shown that both systems are analogous and thus exactly equivalents. So, we can take some concepts and definitions from quantum mechanics and physics for the best understanding of the behavior of economics and biology. Also, we could maybe understand nature like a game in where its players compete for a common welfare and the equilibrium of the system that they are members.

Howard F. Gallup

Howard F. Gallup

Mikhail V. Vol’kenshtein

The views of Niels Bohr on complementarity are examined, both in physics and in other fields. N. Bohr's opinions on the relationship between physics and biology are discussed in detail. It is shown that, over a number of years, Bohr viewed as complementary the study of organisms as atomic-molecular and as integral systems. Subsequently, owing to the development of molecular biology, Bohr rejected the idea of the complementarity in principle of the stated two types of studies. The current status of the physical theory of biological phenomena is examined, and the role of synergetics in this field is noted. The so-called antireductionism is criticized. It is shown that the views of contemporary eminent theoretical biologists reveal them to be unfamiliar with physics. The very important role of physics in the further development of biology and its practical applications is emphasized.

Yeshayahu Ben-Yehudah

COGNITIVE COHERENCE AND REALITY FORMATION: A Mathematical Framework for Consciousness and Probabilistic State Selection Author: Yeshayahu Ben-Yehudah Affiliation: THE BEN-YEHUDAH INSTITUTE Original Publication Date: June 25, 2026 This scientific and theoretical research paper introduces a mathematical framework examining the relationship between consciousness, cognitive coherence, biological transduction, and probabilistic state selection within the Ben-Yehudah Framework on the Nature of Reality. The research proposes that consciousness may function as an active participant in reality formation rather than merely as a passive observer of physical phenomena. Central to this investigation is the concept of Cognitive Coherence, defined as the degree of internal alignment, stability, and integration within a conscious system. The framework introduces two foundational mathematical variables: Cognitive Coherence (ζ): Represents the degree of internal order, alignment, and stability within a conscious system. Transducer Efficiency (η): Represents the proposed effectiveness with which consciousness interacts with probabilistic systems through biological transduction. The relationship between these variables is expressed through the theoretical equation: η = kζ Where η represents Transducer Efficiency, ζ represents Cognitive Coherence, and k represents the Biological Transduction Constant. The research further introduces a mathematical representation of reality formation: R = f(ζ, η, P) Where R represents Experienced Reality, ζ represents Cognitive Coherence, η represents Transducer Efficiency, and P represents Probabilistic State Space. A corresponding proportional relationship is proposed: R ∝ ζηP These formulations establish a conceptual mathematical structure for investigating whether changes in cognitive coherence and transducer efficiency may influence the interaction between conscious systems and probabilistic physical outcomes. The paper further examines the relationship between internal fragmentation, cognitive stability, conscious observation, and the proposed biological transducer function of the human brain. It suggests that greater internal coherence may strengthen the observer's participation in probabilistic state selection, while fragmentation may reduce transductive efficiency. Drawing upon quantum foundations, consciousness studies, theoretical physics, and philosophy of mind, this research expands the Ben-Yehudah theoretical framework by introducing mathematical relationships intended to support future theoretical refinement and empirical investigation. The proposed relationships remain theoretical and have not been experimentally validated. The framework does not claim absolute conscious control over physical reality but advances the hypothesis that consciousness may function as an active variable within probabilistic systems. The central inquiry guiding this research remains: How deeply does consciousness participate in reality formation?