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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Generation of Constant Voltage Steps by a Josephson Array Driven by Optoelectronically Generated Pulses at BNM-LNE

O. Monnoye, Sophie Djordjevic, P. Cancela, François Piquemal

Published Jun 1, 2004• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Here we report the first results obtained at BNM-LNE on a Josephson array biased by optoelectronically generated pulse trains over repetition frequencies, f, from 0.5 to 1.75 MHz. For all the frequencies, we have observed quantized voltage steps as a function of the current pulse amplitude Ip. We demonstrate the independence of the step widths with f in close agreement with the numerical simulations and we confirm the flatness of a single voltage step

DOI
10.1109/cpem.2004.305467

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Here we report the first results obtained at BNM-LNE on a Josephson array biased by optoelectronically generated pulse trains over repetition frequencies, f, from 0.5 to 1.75 MHz. For all the frequencies, we have observed quantized voltage steps as a function of the current pulse amplitude Ip. We demonstrate the independence of the step widths with f in close agreement with the numerical simulations and we confirm the flatness of a single voltage step
In this paper, quantized voltage steps were observed by driving an overdamped Josephson junction array (JJA) with current pulse trains. The current pulse trains were generated by triggering a metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector installed close to JJA at 4.2 K with a mode-locked fiber laser. The intervals of the constant voltage steps were 10 muV, which agrees with the repetition frequency of the light source (49.7 MHz) and the number of Josephson junctions (100) in the JJA. This is the first step toward establishing an ac voltage standard at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Voltage pulses with a determined amplitude and width might be the basis for high-precision ac voltage measurements in the future. The pulse width modulation technique makes possible the generation of arbitrary waveforms. In this paper, arrays of SINIS Josephson junctions were investigated which produce a 1 V voltage step under irradiation at a frequency of the order of 70 GHz. This step has an amplitude of 1 mA whereof a region of 0.3 mA overlaps with the critical current. This allows the generation of a 1 V voltage pulse by switching the microwave power at constant dc bias current. The results of this investigation will be presented and also the array parameters which are required for obtaining a relative uncertainty of 0.1 ppm in ac voltage measurements.
We have designed and fabricated a Josephson voltage standard where the voltage can be rapidly and continuously programmed by changing the repetition frequency of a pulse drive. Simulations are made to optimize the operating margins of the circuit for different pulse waveforms. The response of a 1000-junction array of Nb-PdAu-Nb junctions is measured, and constant-voltage step heights are characterized as a function the pulse amplitude, pulse width, frequency. A DC bias range of 0.62 mA is demonstrated over a continuous voltage-tunable range from -6.2 mV to +6.5 mV.
A new method of driving series arrays of non-hysteretic Josephson junctions using optoelectronically generated pulses to synthesize a variable output voltage is described. Electrical pulses from a photodiode are coupled to the array, and the mean output voltage after filtering is proportional to the pulse repetition frequency with fundamental accuracy. Numerical simulations of the behaviour of the Josephson junctions have been carried out, and these results have been verified by experiment. This technique can be easily extended by using two photodiodes with opposite bias polarities in order to synthesize bipolar alternating or direct voltages.
We have performed an experiment to drive an overdamped superconductor-insulator-normal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) Josephson junction array (JJA) with modulated current pulse trains, which are generated by modulated ultra short optical pulses. Averaged voltage outputs of the JJA have been systematically measured for various modulation patterns as a function of the bias voltage of an optical modulator. Quantized voltage steps has been clearly observed in accordance with modulation patterns under certain condition of the bias voltage of the optical modulator.
Pulse-driven Josephson voltage standards are used to generate quantum-based, spectrally pure AC voltage signals. The current pulses that drive the Josephson arrays can be transmitted optically and recent progress has demonstrated the operation of fast photodiodes at 4 K. In order to generate bipolar waveforms, two photodiodes are required to generate positive and negative pulses close to the Josephson array. We describe our optoelectronic setup and will present first results on a ternary pulse drive at the conference.