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Physical Review A

Two-level atom in an electromagnetic wave of circular polarization

Gao-Jian Zeng, Shi-Lun Zhou, Ao Sheng-Mei, Zhaoyang Zeng

Published Apr 1, 1997• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we study the behavior of a two-level atom in an electromagnetic wave of circular polarization. A general solution to the Schr\"odinger equation is obtained, and the action of the electromagnetic wave on the atom is analyzed in detail. It is shown that the levels of the atom would be split, with the energy difference between the split levels the same for the two states of the atom. The atom would acquire an average momentum, with its direction the same as the propagating direction of the electromagnetic wave, showing the expelling action of the electromagnetic wave on the atom; or with its direction opposite to the propagating direction of the electromagnetic wave, showing the trapping action of the electromagnetic wave on the atom. The properties of the action are dependent on the initial state of the atom. The average expelling and trapping forces exerted on the atom by the electromagnetic wave are determined. Two cases of ``resonance'' and ``strict detuning'' are discussed particularly. Under the resonance case, the transition probability reaches its maximum for a given time. In the strict detuning case, the atom is not influenced by the electromagnetic wave.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.55.2945

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Journal of Physics Conference Series•Apr 26, 2013•3 citations
In this paper, we study the behavior of a two-level atom in an electromagnetic wave of circular polarization. A general solution to the Schr"odinger equation is obtained, and the action of the electromagnetic wave on the atom is analyzed in detail. It is shown that the levels of the atom would be split, with the energy difference between the split levels the same for the two states of the atom. The atom would acquire an average momentum, with its direction the same as the propagating direction of the electromagnetic wave, showing the expelling action of the electromagnetic wave on the atom; or with its direction opposite to the propagating direction of the electromagnetic wave, showing the trapping action of the electromagnetic wave on the atom. The properties of the action are dependent on the initial state of the atom. The average expelling and trapping forces exerted on the atom by the electromagnetic wave are determined. Two cases of resonance'' and strict detuning'' are discussed particularly. Under the resonance case, the transition probability reaches its maximum for a given time. In the strict detuning case, the atom is not influenced by the electromagnetic wave.
The behavior of a two-level entangled atom in an optical field with circular polarization is studied in this paper. The interaction of an optical field and one of the entangled atoms is analyzed in detail. A general solution of the SchrAo¨Gdinger equation about the motion of the entangled atom is obtained. The properties of the action are dependent on the initial state of the atom. By detecting the entangled atom out of the field, we can obtain the state of the other atom moving in the field. It is shown that the state of the atom out of the field will influence the energies of the split-levels of the atom in the field.
We study the stimulated emission of a two-level atom in an electromagnetic wave of circular polarization. The correlation function G ( r 1 t , r 2 t ) = ⟨ E - E + ⟩ of atom radiation fields at dipole approximation are computed. Under the resonance condition, the atom stimulated emission is influenced by the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave discussed. We have found that the time-averaged value of energy density does not depend on the initial conditions. We have also deduced the relation between the emission power of an atom and the Rabi frequency Ω.
We study the stimulated emission of a two-level atom in an electromagnetic wave of circular polarization. The correlation function G(r1t,r2t)=(E^-E^+) of atom radiation fields at dipole approximation are computed. Under the resonance condition, the atom stimulated emission is imfluenced by the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave discussed. We have found that the time-averaged value of energy density does not depend on the initial conditions. We have also deduced the relation between the emission power of an atom and the Rabi frequency Ω.
Based on this solution for Schrǒdinger equation, the atom lifetime in an electromagnetic wave of circular polarization is studied. When the frequency of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is equal to the atomic frequency, the atom lifetime of tow level atom is not influenced by the electromagnetic wave. For a ∧ type three level atom in a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, we modulate the frequency of the electromagnetic wave to study the atom lifetime and show that the approximate condition in this paper is rational.