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Applied Physics Letters

Generation of amplitude-squeezed light from 1550 nm distributed feedback semiconductor laser under wavelength selective optical feedback conditions

Francine Jérémie, C. Chabran, Philippe B. Gallion

Published Dec 6, 1999• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Excess noise that degrades the squeezing of a 1550 nm distributed feedback semiconductor laser is identified using a Mach Zehnder interferometer. This excess noise is reduced using wavelength selective optical feedback. Amplitude-squeezed states then are generated at room temperature.
DOI
10.1063/1.125405

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Experimental results are reported for amplitude-squeezed states generated from two kinds of 1550-nm distributed-feedback semiconductor laser at room temperature. Both lasers exhibit excess noise under free-running conditions, but the origin of this noise is different for the two lasers. For one of the lasers the excess noise is reduced by enhancement of the side-mode–suppression ratio. For the other the excess noise that degrades the squeezing is reduced by weak dispersive optical feedback produced by a grating detuned from the maximum of its first-order reflection. Thus the grating is used to convert phase noise into intensity noise.
The control of the quantum state of light has recently been studied extensively, aiming at the achievement of ultra-low noise below the shot noise limit. Several experiments showed that amplitude squeezing could be achieved in constant-current-driven semiconductor lasers. However, the generation of amplitude-squeezed light from distributed feedback semiconductor lasers (DFB) has been up to now considerably less successful than that from Fabry-Perot devices. Simulations indicate that DFB structures with high coupling coefficient length product kL are unlikely to be good sources of squeezed light, because of the evanescence of the optical fields along the grating [1]. They also show, that for low kL values the lowest achievable intensity noise depends on the structure of the laser diode and can be higher than expected from the laser quantum efficiency alone.
Amplitude-squeezed states are produced from a room-temperature Fabry-P\'erot quantum-well semiconductor laser using a combination of pump suppression and weak, dispersive optical feedback. Up to 0.9 dB of squeezing is measured using a balanced homodyne detector corresponding to 1.5 dB of squeezing at the output facet of the laser. A comparison of the data to theoretical predictions suggests that the excess noise measured under free-running conditions could be a result of incomplete side-mode suppression in combination with asymmetrical cross-mode nonlinear gain saturation.
Amplitude-squeezed states are generated from a room-temperature semiconductor laser using a combination of pump suppression and dispersive optical feedback. The laser amplitude noise is found to be sensitive to extremely weak feedback levels, of the order of 10-8 of the output power. a reduction of the noise from 2% below the standard quantum limit (SQL) under free-running conditions to 19% below the SQL under optimal feedback conditions is obtained. A single mode theory is presented but is found to be inadequate in explaining the measured dependence of the noise reduction on the feedback power. A multimode theory including asymmetrical cross-mode nonlinear gain is proposed to explain this discrepancy.