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Journal of Quantum Information Science

Super Quantum Discord and Inferior “Geometric Discord” Based on Weak Measurement in Noninertial Frames

Maohuai Xiang, Jiliang Jing

Published Jan 1, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Instead of projective measurement, we use weak measurement to define quantum and geometric discords, and compare them with the normal quantum and geometric discords based on the projective measurement in noninertial frames. We find that using weak measurement to define quantum discord we can capture more quantum correlations compared with the projective measurement, so calling it super quantum discord. However, we note that the geometric discord based on the weak measurements becomes smaller, so we name it inferior “geometric discord”. We also show that, although both the super quantum discord and the inferior “geometric discord” decrease with the increase of observer’s acceleration, the super quantum discord/inferior “geometric discord” increases/decreases as the measurements become weak. These differences reveal that the definitions of the quantum and geometric discords are not too concordant with each other.

DOI
10.4236/jqis.2014.41005

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Instead of projective measurement, we use weak measurement to define quantum and geometric discords, and compare them with the normal quantum and geometric discords based on the projective measurement in noninertial frames. We find that using weak measurement to define quantum discord we can capture more quantum correlations compared with the projective measurement, so calling it super quantum discord. However, we note that the geometric discord based on the weak measurements becomes smaller, so we name it inferior “geometric discord”. We also show that, although both the super quantum discord and the inferior “geometric discord” decrease with the increase of observer’s acceleration, the super quantum discord/inferior “geometric discord” increases/decreases as the measurements become weak. These differences reveal that the definitions of the quantum and geometric discords are not too concordant with each other.
The projective measurement usually destroys the quantum correlation between two subsystems of a composite system, thereby making the measured state useless for any efficient quantum information processing and quantum computation task. The weak measurement acts gently on quantum system and do not force the system state to decohere completely, thus revealing the super quantum discord, which can take value more than that of the normal quantum discord. Remarkably, we prove that the super quantum discord in the post measured state is equal to the difference between the super quantum discord and the normal quantum discord in the original state. Thus, the weak measurement has the ability to resurrect the lost quantumness of any composite quantum state. This suggests a conservation law for the extra quantum correlation in any composite state. The amount of extra quantum correlation which is destroyed by the projective measurement in the original state is equal to the amount of extra quantum correlation captured by the weak measurement in the post-measured state.
We revisit the ``field entanglement in noninertial frames'' scenario extensively studied in previous literature and demonstrate that the geometric discord, a proposed measure of generalized quantum correlations, decays to zero in the infinite acceleration limit. This is in contrast with previous research showing that the acceleration-induced degradation of quantum discord was not strong enough to extinguish discord in this limit. We argue that our finding has two opposing but noncontradicting implications. On the one hand, the usable quantum correlations in the large acceleration regime appear severely limited for any protocols making use of geometric discord as a figure of merit. On the other hand, our result indicates, in corroboration with other recent work, that the geometric discord is not a faithful measure of quantum correlations, especially in the case of continuous-variable systems, due to the existence of states which have finite quantum discord but are nevertheless infinitesimally close (in the Hilbert-Schmidt norm) to a zero-discord state.
The original definition of quantum discord of bipartite states was defined under one-side projective measurements, it describes quantum correlation more extensively than entanglement. Dakic, Vedral, and Brukner [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{105}, 190502 (2010)] introduced a geometric measure of quantum discord, and Luo, Fu [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{82}, 034302 (2010)] simplified the expression of it. In this paper we generalize the quantum discord to the case of two-side projective measurements, and also define a geometric measure on it. Further, a simplified expression and a lower bound of this geometric measure are derived and explicit expressions are obtained for some special cases.
Super-quantum discord (SQD) with weak measurement is regarded as a kind of quantum correlation in quantum information processing. We compare and analyze the dynamical evolutions of SQD, quantum discord (QD), and quantum entanglement (QE) between two qubits in the correlated dephasing environmental model. The results indicate that (i) owing to the much smaller influence of weak measurement on the coherence of the system than that of von Neumann projection measurement, SQD with weak measurement is larger than QD, and (ii) dynamical evolution of QD or QE monotonically goes to zero with time, while SQD monotonically tends to a stable value and a freezing phenomenon occurs. The stable value after freezing mainly depends on the measurement strength and the purity of the initial quantum state.
Weak measurement is a kind of state partial collapse measurement developed on the basis of von Neumann measurement and positive operator value measurement, which allows us to explore the quantum world which has the least influence on the research system. Based on the weak measurement theory, the dynamics of quantum discord for two isolated atoms in their own thermal reservoirs is presented. We examine the time evolution of both standard quantum discord and quantum discord with weak measurement for the two-atom system, and analyzes the differences between the standard quantum discord and quantum discord with weak measurement in the evolution process with time, as well as the general role of the strength parameter in determing the discord and affecting its dynamic evolution. We show that quantum discords depend on how weak or strong one perturbs the quantum system. We also show that the difference of the standard quantum discord and the quantum discord with weak measurements increases as the strength parameter decreases. This means that the weak measurements can capture more quantum discord of a bipartite system. Our results show that the weak measurement performed on one of the subsystems can lead to the quantum discord that is a more natural measure of quantum correlations than the standard quantum discord captured by the projective measurements.
Weak-measurement induced quantum discord or super quantum discord (SQD) is a generalization of the normal quantum discord and is defined as the difference between quantum mutual information and classical correlation obtained by weak measurements in a given quantum system. This correlation is an information-theoretic measure and is, in general, different from entanglement-separability measures such as entanglement. Super quantum discord may be nonzero even for certain separable states. So far, SQD has been calculated explicitly only for a limited set of two-qubit quantum states and expressions for more general quantum states are not known. In this article, we derive explicit expressions for SQD for X states, a seven real-parameter family of two-qubit states and investigate its monogamy properties. The monogamy behaviour of SQD depends on the measurement strength. The formalism can be easily extended to N-qubit X states.