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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

On collective absorption of black-body radiation by Rydberg atoms

Vladislav Cheltsov

Published Jul 28, 1985• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A weak cooperative absorption of black-body radiation by a system of N identical two-level Rydberg atoms is considered as a result of a dynamical equilibrium between the radiation and the atoms, the time of interaction being much smaller than the Rabi period.
DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/18/14/001

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Cambridge University Press eBooks•Sep 15, 1994•0 citations
The absorption spectrum of a system of NNN atoms interacting with a single mode of the quantized radiation field is exactly calculated. Such a spectrum shows vacuum-field Rabi splittings, and thus microwave absorption by Rydberg atoms in a cavity should be a useful way to observe these splittings.
It was only recently established that the ubiquitous black-body radiation plays an important role in the spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms even at room temperature. 1.2 Black-body radiation causes shifts in the energy of atomic levels,2 induces transitions between atomic states,2 causes photoionization of Rydberg atoms,3 and affects the population of highly excited states in the recombination of ions.4•5 We will show that black-body radiation also causes diffusive ionization of Rydberg atoms and ions. Under certain conditions, the principal condition among which is the collision-induced mixing of levels in I, the diffusion process resulting from black-body radiation is the basic mechanism for the ionization of Rydberg atoms.
Lying ≥4 eV above the ground state, Rydberg states are not populated thermally, except at very high temperatures. Accordingly, it is natural to assume that thermal effects are negligible in dealing with Rydberg atoms. However, Rydberg atoms are strongly affected by black body radiation, even at room temperature. The dramatic effect of thermal radiation is due to two facts. First, the energy spacings Δ W between Rydberg levels are small, so that Δ W < kT at 300 K. Second, the dipole matrix elements of transitions between Rydberg states are large, providing excellent coupling of the atoms to the thermal radiation. The result of the strong coupling between Rydberg atoms and the thermal radiation is that population initially put into one state, by laser excitation for example, rapidly diffuses to other energetically nearby states by black body radiation induced dipole transitions. Both the redistribution of population and the implicit increase in the radiative decay rates are readily observed. Although the above mentioned effects on level populations are the most obvious effects, the fact that a Rydberg atom is immersed in the thermal radiation field increases its energy by a small amount, 2 kHz at 300 K. While the radiation intensity is vastly different in the two cases, this effect is the same as the ponderomotive shift of the ionization limit in high intensity laser experiments.