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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Observation of modulation in Hg-Cd sensitized fluorescence

R S Baker, W Gough

Published Aug 1, 1972• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Amplitude modulation at omega 0 and 2 omega 0 has been observed in Hg-Cd sensitized fluorescence under the application of a magnetic field rotating with angular frequency omega 0 . Some features of the results obtained are not in agreement with theoretical predictions.
DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/5/8/008

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Modulation has been observed in mercury-cadmium sensitized fluorescence under the simultaneous application of a static and a rotating magnetic field. The dependence of the depth of modulation at various frequencies on the static field has been investigated. There are discrepancies between theory and experiment which indicate an anisotropy in the observation of the various collisions. An attempt is made to explain the discrepancies for one particular case on a simple model of the collision, but this attempt is unsuccessful.
It is predicted theoretically that mercury-cadmium sensitized fluorescence should be modulated in general, when a rotating magnetic field is applied, and a steady magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the rotating field. The time dependence of the density matrix, expressed in terms of irreducible tensors, is calculated. The final expression for the intensity of the sensitized fluorescence, as a function of time, is shown to be similar to the corresponding one for resonance fluorescence (both cases referring to 'broad-band' excitation).
A type of double resonance experiment is reported in which resonance fluorescence from an atomic vapour is excited by modulated light. The amplitude of modulation of the fluorescent light undergoes changes which indicate an atomic resonance when the frequency of modulation is equal to the Larmor frequency of the atoms in an applied magnetic field, or equal to twice that frequency. The effects have been studied in the intercombination line, λ 3261 A, of cadmium. They are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The method could be applied to the spectroscopy of excited atoms.
Further experiments are reported in which resonance fluorescence of an atomic vapour is excited by modulated light. The system studied was the 3 P 1 level of cadmium excited by the λ 3261 λ intercombination line modulated at 462 kHz. Resonant changes in the amplitude of modulation of the fluorescent light have been observed in both static and time-dependent magnetic fields whenever the modulation frequency matches a frequency separation between the states of the excited atoms. Quantitative investigations of the shape and position of the observed resonances show good agreement between theory and experiment. The application of the technique to the spectroscopy of excited atoms is considered.
The Hanle effect of the resonance line 326.1 nm (5 1 S 0 -5 3 P 1 ) of Cd has been studied under the influence of a magnetic RF field rotating with frequency omega 0 in a plane perpendicular to the static magnetic field H. This non-resonant RF field causes a shift of the Hanle signal that is large compared with the natural linewidth for strong RF fields. The measured line shifts are in good agreement with the semiclassical theory of Dodd and Series (1961). As predicted by the theory a coherence resonance could be observed near H approximately=-H 0 =- omega 0 / gamma .
Frequency-modulated light was generated by the application of a magnetic field oscillating at frequencies in the range 1-10 MHz to mercury vapour undergoing resonance fluorescence. The characteristics of the fluorescent light have been studied. When the primary illumination in the plane perpendicular to the field is anisotropic the sigma components are coherently excited. The light emitted along the field is then polarization-modulated. It becomes intensity-modulated if it is passed through a linear analyser. The light emitted obliquely to the magnetic field is intensity-modulated without passing through an analyser. The amplitudes of these modulations show resonance behaviour under the application of an additional static field parallel to the oscillating field. The polarization-modulated light was used to excite resonance fluorescence in a second cell of mercury vapour. The fluorescent light is intensity-modulated. The amplitude of modulation shows resonance behaviour when harmonics of the driving frequency coincide with Zeeman intervals in the excited atoms. These resonances have been explored in detail. They are satisfactorily interpreted by a theory given in an accompanying paper.