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Physica C Superconductivity

Vortex lattice autocorrelation function studied by an atomic beam technique

Harald Hauglin, Samuel Dapore-Schwartz, Nathan G. Woodard, Gregory P. Lafyatis

Published Dec 1, 1994• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0921-4534(94)92569-0

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Laser & Photonics Review•Jan 31, 2023•48 citations
We have developed an atomic beam technique for studying magnetic vortices and vortex lattices of superconductors. Atoms moving near a superconductor's surface see a fluctuating magnetic field as they pass vortices. This field may drive magnetic resonance transitions between hyperfine states. Measuring the magnetic resonance transition probability as a function of atom velocity probes the vortex lattice autocorrelation function. We demonstrate this technique by studying the vortex lattice of a niobium film sample and measuring the sample's penetration depth. We also identify a systematic problem that we think thwarted an earlier attempt to experimentally realize this technique.
We describe a system for loading a single atom from a reservoir into a blue-detuned crossed vortex bottle beam trap using a dynamic 1D optical lattice. The lattice beams are frequency chirped using acousto-optic modulators, which causes the lattice to move along its axial direction and behave like an optical conveyor belt. A stationary lattice is initially loaded with approximately 6000 atoms from a reservoir, and the conveyor belt transports them 1.1 mm from the reservoir to a bottle beam trap, where a single atom is loaded via light-assisted collisions. Photon counting data confirm that an atom can be delivered and loaded into the bottle beam trap 13.1% of the time.
Abstract Optical vortices, which are beams with spiral‐shaped wavefronts and screw phase dislocations, have potential for supporting high‐capacity optical communications. In this study, the generation of 1D and 2D vortex‐beam arrays is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated by introducing novel forked‐photonic lattices in a three‐level 85 Rb atomic medium. Such forked‐photonic lattices are established through the interference of Gaussian and vortex coupling beams. The input Gaussian probe beam that travels through this lattice experiences phase superposition and is diffracted into vortex‐beam arrays. Moreover, the relative efficiency of the high‐order diffractions can be enhanced by tuning the two‐photon detuning and power of the coupling beams. The enriched diffractive arrays of a vortex probe beam propagating in such forked‐photonic lattices are also presented. The experimental results agree well with those of the numerical simulations. This work suggests that atomic systems are a fertile platform for creating and controlling vortex‐beam arrays, and that they can shed light on ongoing exploration in the fields of optical manipulation and quantum information processing.