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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Manipulation of two-level quantum systems with narrow transition lines by short linearly polarized frequency-chirped laser pulses

Gagik P. Djotyan, Jozsef S. Bakos, G. Demeter, Zs. Sörlei

Published Aug 1, 1996• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and investigate theoretically a novel scheme for transient slowing and cooling of two-level quantum systems with narrow transition linewidths by a sequence of counterpropagating, short, linearly polarized laser pulses with special frequency chirping. Both internal degrees of freedom and the motion of the center of mass of quantum systems are considered quantum mechanically. Interaction with a large number of laser pulses during the decay time permits a drastic decrease in the cooling time of such systems.

DOI
10.1364/josab.13.001697

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We propose and investigate theoretically a novel scheme for transient slowing and cooling of two-level quantum systems with narrow transition linewidths by a sequence of counterpropagating, short, linearly polarized laser pulses with special frequency chirping. Both internal degrees of freedom and the motion of the center of mass of quantum systems are considered quantum mechanically. Interaction with a large number of laser pulses during the decay time permits a drastic decrease in the cooling time of such systems.
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We discuss the mechanical momentum transfer to two-level atoms by a pair of short, counterpropagating, frequency-chirped laser pulses, which partially overlap each other in the atomic medium. We show that such a pulse pair can induce a much greater change of momentum than pulses that do not overlap (interact separately with the atoms). The dispersive effect on the atomic velocity distribution is shown to be much smaller for the case of overlapping pulses. Furthermore, there are regimes where the method is not sensitive to the exact values of the pulse parameters or the initial velocity distribution. The interaction can be repeated for a cumulative effect, so a sequence of such pulse pairs can be used very effectively to manipulate the mechanical motion of atoms.
We study the quantum control of multilevel atoms with rotationally degenerate levels using short laser pulses. Various control schemes are considered, ones using $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses, frequency-chirped pulses, two consecutive pulses, or two pulses that overlap each other partially. We study the possibilities of controlling the quantum state of an ensemble of atoms distributed randomly over one or more rotationally degenerate levels initially. For the sake of concreteness we use the hyperfine level scheme of the 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb DDD line, but the results can easily be generalized for any of the alkali-metal atoms used in cooling and trapping experiments. We find that even though a number of difficulties arise, such as unequal coupling constants between rotational sublevels or dephasing between different hyperfine levels during the interaction, control schemes using simple or multiphoton adiabatic passage can be used to control the internal states of the atoms effectively as well as the center-of-mass motion. Furthermore, it is shown that in some cases it is possible to exploit the inequality of the coupling constants to entangle the rotational substates with specific distinct translational quantum states and hence separate these substates in momentum space.
We theoretically investigate the quantum dynamics of the center of mass of trapped atoms, whose internal degrees of freedom are driven in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-shaped configuration with the lasers tuned at two-photon resonance. In the Lamb-Dicke regime, when the motional wave packet is well localized over the laser wavelength, transient coherent population trapping occurs, canceling transitions at the laser frequency. In this limit the motion can be efficiently cooled to the ground state of the trapping potential. We derive an equation for the center-of-mass motion by adiabatically eliminating the internal degrees of freedom. This treatment provides the theoretical background of the scheme presented in [G. Morigi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4458 (2000)] and implemented in [C.F. Roos et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5547 (2000)]. We discuss the physical mechanisms determining the dynamics and identify parameters regimes, where cooling is efficient. We discuss implementations of the scheme to cases where the trapping potential is not harmonic.
We present a novel scheme for coherent manipulation of populations and robust creation of arbitrary coherent superposition of metastable states of a quantum system with lambda configuration of operating energy levels using laser pulses with a quadratically chirped carrier frequency. The case of a single broadband laser pulse is considered, when the frequency spectrum of the pulse exceeds the frequency distance between the metastable energy levels of the system. The results of the dressed state analysis and numerical simulation are presented, demonstrating reliable and robust creation of an arbitrary coherent superposition of metastable states by changing the parameters of laser pulses.