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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Pauli Spin Blockade and Influence of Hyperfine Interaction in Vertical Quantum Dot Molecule with Six-Electrons

S. Amaha, Tetsuo Kodera, T. Hatano, Keiji Ono, 康弘 都倉, Seigo Tarucha, James A. Gupta, D. G. Austing

Published Jan 25, 2011• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate Pauli spin blockade and the influence of hyperfine interaction for a system of six-electrons in a device composed of two weakly coupled vertical quantum dots. As a consequence of a large built-in offset energy between the dots, the relevant charge configurations consist of one (zero) and five (six) electrons on the upstream dot and downstream dot respectively. On sweeping the out-of-dot-plane magnetic field up and down, abrupt steps and hysteresis in the leakage current are observed in the Pauli spin blockade region that evolve systematically with bias. We propose a model to explain our observations in terms of hyperfine induced singlet-triplet mixing. © 2011 The Physical Society of Japan.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.80.023701

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We investigate Pauli spin blockade and the influence of hyperfine interaction for a system of six-electrons in a device composed of two weakly coupled vertical quantum dots. As a consequence of a large built-in offset energy between the dots, the relevant charge configurations consist of one (zero) and five (six) electrons on the upstream dot and downstream dot respectively. On sweeping the out-of-dot-plane magnetic field up and down, abrupt steps and hysteresis in the leakage current are observed in the Pauli spin blockade region that evolve systematically with bias. We propose a model to explain our observations in terms of hyperfine induced singlet-triplet mixing. © 2011 The Physical Society of Japan.
We use a vertical double quantum dot (QD) to study spin blockade (SB) for the two-to five-electron states. SB observed for the two- and four-electron states is both assigned to Pauli exclusion with formation of a spin triplet state, and lifted by singlet-triplet admixing due to fluctuating nuclear field. SB observed for the five-electron state is caused by combined Pauli effect and Hund's rule. We observe a hysteretic behavior of the SB leakage current for up and down sweep of magnetic field, and argue that SB and its lifting by hyperfine interaction are subtle with the spin configuration and modified depending on the inter-dot detuning and number of electrons.
A Pauli spin blockade in quantum dot systems occurs when the charge transport is allowed only for some spin states, and it has been an efficient tool in spin-based qubit devices in semiconductors. We theoretically investigate a Pauli spin blockade in a triple quantum dot molecule consisting of three identical quantum dots in a semiconductor in the presence of an external magnetic field through the molecule. When the three-electron state is on resonance with two- or four-electron states, the Aharonov–Bohm oscillation and the Zeeman splitting lead to a periodic spin blockade effect. We focus on the spin blockade at a two- and three-electron resonance and show that we can tune the magnetic field to selectively allow only either a spin-singlet or spin-triplet state to add an additional electron from tunnel-coupled leads. This spin blockade maintains the three quantum dots at the optimal sweet spot against the charge noise, demonstrating its potential as an efficient readout scheme for the qubits in quantum dot systems.
We use Pauli-spin blockade in two-electron vertical double quantum dots to quantitatively estimate the exchange energy JJJ in a wide range of interdot level detuning $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ and fully compare it with calculations. Pauli-spin blockade is lifted via a singlet- (SSS-)triplet (TTT) transition mediated by hyperfine coupling, which abruptly occurs in our devices when the $S\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}T$ transition energy or JJJ is compensated by the Zeeman energy. We use this feature to derive JJJ depending on $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ between the $S\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}S$ and $T\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}T$ resonances. The obtained JJJ versus $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ including the resonance effect is perfectly reproduced by Hubbard model calculations.
We investigate two- and three-electron spin blockade in three vertical quantum dots (QDs) coupled in series. Two-electron spin blockade is found in a region where sequential tunneling through all QDs is forbidden but tunneling involving virtual hopping through an empty QD is allowed. It is observed only for the hole cycle with a distinct bias threshold for access to the triplet state. Three-electron spin blockade involving the quadruplet state is observed for nonequibilium conditions where sequential tunneling is allowed and the triplet state is accessible. Our results shine light on the importance of the nonequibilium conditions to obtain sufficient population of triplet and quadruplet states necessary for spin blockade.