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Physical Review A

Trichromatic phase dependence of squeezing in resonance fluorescence

Xiangming Hu, Xuehua Zhang

Published Jun 10, 2008• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the quantum noise in phase quadratures of resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom driven by a trichromatic exciting field. It is shown that the noise spectra are crucially dependent on the sum of relative phases of the sideband components compared to the central component although the sideband exciting components are much weaker than the central component. When we tune the exciting sidebands on two-photon resonance with the Mollow sideband transitions and set the phase sum to $\ensuremath{\pi}$, sideband squeezing in the in-phase quadrature remains almost the same as in the monochromatic case. Once the phase sum is set to zero, the squeezing is destroyed. The responsible mechanism is explained in terms of two-photon emission processes induced by the trichromatic components and the interference between these processes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.063809

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We investigate the quantum noise in phase quadratures of resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom driven by a trichromatic exciting field. It is shown that the noise spectra are crucially dependent on the sum of relative phases of the sideband components compared to the central component although the sideband exciting components are much weaker than the central component. When we tune the exciting sidebands on two-photon resonance with the Mollow sideband transitions and set the phase sum to \ensuremathπ\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremathπ, sideband squeezing in the in-phase quadrature remains almost the same as in the monochromatic case. Once the phase sum is set to zero, the squeezing is destroyed. The responsible mechanism is explained in terms of two-photon emission processes induced by the trichromatic components and the interference between these processes.
We examine the phase-dependent effects in resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by a trichromatic modulated field. It is shown that the fluorescence spectrum depends crucially on the sum of relative phases of the sideband components compared to the central component, not simply on the respective phases. The appearance or disappearance of the central peak and the selective elimination of the sideband peaks are achieved simply by varying the sum phase. Once the sum phase is fixed, the spectrum keeps its features unchanged regardless of the respective relative phases.
The quadrature squeezing spectra produced in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by a strong coherent field and a weak amplitude-fluctuating field are investigated. For far-off-resonance and strong excitation, the resonance fluorescence exhibits two-mode squeezing around the Rabi sideband frequencies. Thus we have a source of two mode squeezing that is very easily frequency tuned simply by adjusting the generalized Rabi frequency. The presence of the strength of the stochastic process reduces the degree of squeezing obtainable. The quadrature squeezing spectra are also effected by the relative phase of the two fields.
The spectrum of quantum fluctuations in phase quadratures of resonance fluorescence of a three-level V-type atom driven by a coherent field is investigated. We find that quantum interference between two decay channels of the atom can greatly modify the spectrum. We show that for weak excitation, quantum interference can greatly enhance squeezing and change the phase quadrature in which the maximum squeezing occurs. We also show that for strong and far-off-resonance excitation two deeply squeezing peaks appear at the Rabi sideband frequencies and quantum interference broadens the squeezing peaks.
The quadrature squeezing spectra produced in the resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom are investigated, including the effects of a finite laser bandwidth due to phase diffusion. For resonant excitation at low intensities, the fluorescence field exhibits narrow bandwidth squeezing in the out-of-phase quadrature, centered at the laser frequency. Otherwise, squeezing occurs only in the in-phase quadrature. Specifically, for slightly off-resonance and weak excitation, the squeezing still centers at the laser frequency, with a finite bandwidth of the order of $\ensuremath{\gamma}.$ More importantly, for far-off-resonance and strong excitation, the resonance fluorescence exhibits two-mode squeezing around the Rabi sideband frequencies. Thus we have a source of two-mode squeezing that is very easily frequency tuned simply by adjusting the generalized Rabi frequency. The presence of a laser linewidth substantially reduces the degree of squeezing obtainable. The fluorescence shows no squeezing at all when the laser linewidth is greater than the atomic spontaneous emission linewidth.
We measure squeezing spectra for phase-dependent fluorescence of coherently driven two-level atoms in free space. The measured spectra are in excellent agreement with our predictions for a single two-level atom. We find that maximum squeezing occurs for homodyne detection at a phase near ±45° relative to the exciting field, rather than in the in- or out-of-phase quadratures. A new physical picture of phase-dependent noise that incorporates quantum collapses into a Bloch vector model shows why this occurs.
We observe squeezing in the phase-dependent fluorescence spectra of two-level atoms that are coherently driven by a near-resonant laser field in free space. In contrast to previous predictions that emphasized the in- and out-of-phase quadratures, we find that maximum squeezing occurs for homodyne detection at a phase near $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{45}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ relative to the exciting field. A new physical picture of phase-dependent noise is developed that incorporates quantum collapses into a Bloch vector model and yields a very simple form for the complete squeezing spectrum.