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Nuclear Physics B

Two-point spin-1/2-spin-1/2s s^l(2,ℂ) conformal Kac-Moody blocks on the torus and their monodromies

John Manolis Smyrmilds

Published Oct 1, 1995• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two issues of the SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model are examined here, namely the computation of the untwisted conformal Kac-Moody blocks on the torus and their monodromy representations. Using the free field representation developed by Bernard and Felder, an integral representation of the twisted two point spin-1/2-spin-1/2 conformal Kac-Moody blocks on the torus is computed. From this, an integral representation of the untwisted blocks is computed after careful removal of infinities. Finally, the untwisted blocks are used to get a representation of the Braid Group on the torus on two strings, in terms of quantum group q-numbers.

DOI
10.1016/0550-3213(95)00314-i

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Two issues of the SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model are examined here, namely the computation of the untwisted conformal Kac-Moody blocks on the torus and their monodromy representations. Using the free field representation developed by Bernard and Felder, an integral representation of the twisted two point spin-1/2-spin-1/2 conformal Kac-Moody blocks on the torus is computed. From this, an integral representation of the untwisted blocks is computed after careful removal of infinities. Finally, the untwisted blocks are used to get a representation of the Braid Group on the torus on two strings, in terms of quantum group q-numbers.
We introduce a nonperturbative approach to calculate the Rényi entropy of a single interval on the torus for single-character (meromorphic) conformal field theories. Our prescription uses the Wrońskian method of Mathur, Mukhi, and Sen [], in which we construct differential equations for torus conformal blocks of the twist two-point function. As an illustrative example, we provide a detailed calculation of the second Rényi entropy for the E 8 , 1 Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model. We find that the Z 2 cyclic orbifold of a meromorphic conformal field theory (CFT) results in a four-character CFT, which realizes the toric code modular tensor category. The Z 2 cyclic orbifold of the E 8 , 1 WZW model, however, yields a three-character CFT since two of the characters coincide. We then compute the torus conformal blocks and find that the twist two-point function, and therefore the Rényi entropy, is two-periodic along each cycle of the torus. The second Rényi entropy for a single interval of the E 8 , 1 WZW model has the universal logarithmic divergent behavior in the decompactification limit of the torus, as expected as well as the interval approaches the size of the cycle of the torus. Furthermore, we see that the q -expansion is UV finite, apart from the leading universal logarithmic divergence. We also find that there is a divergence as the size of the entangling interval approaches the cycle of the torus, suggesting that gluing two tori along an interval the size of a cycle is a singular limit.
The Kalmeyer-Laughlin state, which is a lattice version of the bosonic Laughlin state at filling factor one half, has attracted much attention due to its topological and chiral spin liquid properties. Here we show that the Kalmeyer-Laughlin state on the torus can be expressed in terms of a correlator of conformal fields from the SU(2)1SU(2)_1SU(2)1​ Wess-Zumino-Witten model. This reveals an interesting underlying mathematical structure and provides a natural way to generalize the Kalmeyer-Laughlin state to arbitrary lattices on the torus. We find that the many-body Chern number of the states is unity for more different lattices, which suggests that the topological properties of the states are preserved when the lattice is changed. Finally, we analyze the symmetry properties of the states on square lattices.
We employ the SU(n)k\mathrm{SU}{(n)}_{k}SU(n)k​ Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model in conformal field theory to construct lattice wave functions in both one and two dimensions. The spins on all lattice sites are chosen to transform under the SU(n)\mathrm{SU}(n)SU(n) irreducible representation with a single row and kkk boxes in the Young tableau. It is demonstrated that the wave functions can be reinterpreted as parton states, which enables efficient conversion to matrix product states, such that many physical properties can be evaluated directly. In one dimension, these wave functions describe critical spin chains whose universality classes are in one-to-one correspondence with the WZW models used in the construction. In two dimensions, our constructions yield model wave functions for chiral spin liquids, and we show how to find all topological sectors of them in a systematic way. Using the null vectors of Kac-Moody algebras, parent Hamiltonians of the SU(3)k\mathrm{SU}{(3)}_{k}SU(3)k​ series are derived. The SU(3)k\mathrm{SU}{(3)}_{k}SU(3)k​ chiral spin liquids are lattice analogs of non-Abelian spin-singlet fractional quantum Hall states, and the k=2k=2k=2 member hosts Fibonacci anyons.
Given a critical quantum spin chain with a microscopic Lie group symmetry, corresponding, e.g., to U(1)U(1)U(1) or SU(2)SU(2)SU(2) spin isotropy, we numerically investigate the emergence of Kac-Moody symmetry at low energies and long distances. In that regime, one such critical quantum spin chain is described by a conformal field theory where the usual Virasoro algebra associated with conformal invariance is augmented with a Kac-Moody algebra associated with conserved currents. Specifically, we first propose a method to construct lattice operators corresponding to the Kac-Moody generators. We then numerically show that, when projected onto low-energy states of the quantum spin chain, these operators indeed approximately fulfill the Kac-Moody algebra. The lattice version of the Kac-Moody generators allows us to compute the so-called level constant and to organize the low-energy eigenstates of the lattice Hamiltonian into Kac-Moody towers. We illustrate the proposal with the XXZ model and the Heisenberg model with a next-to-nearest-neighbor coupling.
Abstract We compute the entanglement entropy in a two dimensional conformal field theory at finite size and finite temperature in the large central charge limit via the replica trick. We first generalize the known monodromy method for the calculation of conformal blocks on the plane to the torus. Then, we derive a monodromy method for the zero-point conformal blocks of the replica partition function. We explain the differences between the two monodromy methods before applying them to the calculation of the entanglement entropy. We find that the contribution of the vacuum exchange dominates the entanglement entropy for a large class of CFTs, leading to universal results in agreement with holographic predictions from the RT formula. Moreover, we determine in which regime the replica partition function agrees with a correlation function of local twist operators on the torus.
In conformal field theories, when the conformal symmetry is enhanced by a global Lie group symmetry, the original Virasoro algebra can be extended to Kac-Moody algebra. In this paper, we extend the lattice construction of the Kac-Moody generators introduced in Wang et al., [Phys. Rev. B 106, 115111 (2022)] to continuous systems and apply it to one-dimensional continuous boson systems. We justify this microscopic construction of Kac-Moody generators in two ways. First, through phenomenological bosonization, we express the microscopic construction in terms of the boson operators in the bosonization context, which can be related to the Kac-Moody generators in conformal field theories. Second, we study the behavior of the Kac-Moody generators in the integrable Lieb-Liniger model and reveal its underlying particle-hole excitation picture through Bethe ansatz solutions. Finally, we test the computation of the Kac-Moody generator in the continuous matrix product state simulations, paving the way for more challenging nonintegrable systems.