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Journal of Modern Optics

Photonic de Broglie wave interferometers

Stephen Mark Barnett, Nobuyuki Imoto, B. Hüttner

Published Nov 1, 1998• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the recently proposed photonic de Broglie wave interferometer, sophisticated beam splitters are used to split the de Broglie wave of a set of photons. The photonic de Broglie or collective phase shift can, however, be found in conventional interferometry if the full photon statistics are recorded. We propose a variation of the original photonic de Broglie wave interferometer. We show that the collective phase shift can and has been found in interferometry using photon pairs and propose two new photonic de Broglie wave interferometers in which normal beam splitters are used. Both of these rely on conditioning to select the cases for which all the photons behave as a single object.

DOI
10.1080/09500349808231234

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In the recently proposed photonic de Broglie wave interferometer, sophisticated beam splitters are used to split the de Broglie wave of a set of photons. The photonic de Broglie or collective phase shift can, however, be found in conventional interferometry if the full photon statistics are recorded. We propose a variation of the original photonic de Broglie wave interferometer. We show that the collective phase shift can and has been found in interferometry using photon pairs and propose two new photonic de Broglie wave interferometers in which normal beam splitters are used. Both of these rely on conditioning to select the cases for which all the photons behave as a single object.
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Summary form only given. Recently, Jacobson et al. ( see Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.74, p. 4835 (1995)) proposed the concept of "photonic de Broglie wave" in multiphoton states. They argued that the photonic de Broglie wavelength of an ensemble of photons with wavelength /spl lambda//sub 0/ and average number of photons N can be measured using a special interferometer with "effective beam splitters" that do not split the multiphoton states into constituent photons. Fonseca et al. see Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 82, p. 2868 (1999)) measured the photonic de Broglie wavelength of a two-photon state ("biphoton") using a kind of Young's interferometer. We propose and demonstrate the measurement of photonic de Broglie wavelength of biphotons generated by parametric down-conversion utilizing the usual Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
In quantum mechanics, photonic de Broglie waves have been understood as a unique property of quantum mechanics satisfying the complementarity between particle and wave natures of light, where the photonic de Broglie wavelength is inversely proportional to the number of entangled photons acting on a beam splitter. Very recently, the heart of nonclassical feature of photon bunching on a beam splitter was newly interpreted using pure wave nature of coherence optics [arXiv:1911.07174v2], paving a road to unconditionally secured classical key distribution [arXiv:1807.04233v3]. Here, Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based deterministic photonic de Broglie waves are studied in a coherence regime for both fundamental physics and potential applications of coherence-quantum metrology.
Summary form only given.Atom interferometers have opened up new areas of fundamental and applied research. As well known from photon optics, multiple-beam interferometers offer an increased sensitivity on the relative phases between interfering waves. Very recently, first atomic multiple-beam interferometers were realized. These concepts are based on an atomic beam that is spatially split into coherent partial de Broglie waves, where the number of interfering waves is determined by the internal atomic multi-level scheme. We report on time-domain atomic interferometry within a two-level system.
Photonic de Broglie waves offer a unique property of quantum mechanics satisfying the complementarity between the particle and wave natures of light, where the photonic de Broglie wavelength is inversely proportional to the number of entangled photons acting on a beam splitter. Very recently, the nonclassical feature of photon bunching has been newly interpreted using the pure wave nature of coherence optics [Sci. Rep. 10, 7,309 (2020)], paving the road to unconditionally secured classical key distribution [Sci. Rep. 10, 11,687 (2020)]. Here, deterministic photonic de Broglie waves are presented in a coherence regime to uncover new insights in both fundamental quantum physics and potential applications of coherence-quantum metrology.