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International Journal of Quantum Information

CAN ENTANGLEMENT BE EXTRACTED FROM MANY BODY SYSTEMS?

Gabriele De Chiara, Časlav Brukner, G. Massimo Palma, Rosario Fazio, Vlatko Vedral

Published Feb 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Some thermodynamical properties of solids, such as heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility, have recently been shown to be linked to the amount of entanglement in a solid. Until now, however, it was not clear whether this entanglement can be used as a resource in quantum information theory. Here we show that this entanglement is physical, demonstrating the principles of its extraction from a typical spin chain by scattering two particles off the system. Moreover, we show how to simulate this process using present-day optical lattice technology.

DOI
10.1142/s021974990700258x

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Some thermodynamical properties of solids, such as heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility, have recently been shown to be linked to the amount of entanglement in a solid. Until now, however, it was not clear whether this entanglement can be used as a resource in quantum information theory. Here we show that this entanglement is physical, demonstrating the principles of its extraction from a typical spin chain by scattering two particles off the system. Moreover, we show how to simulate this process using present-day optical lattice technology.
Some thermodynamical properties of solids, such as heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility, have recently been shown to be linked to the amount of entanglement in a solid. However, this entanglement may appear a mere mathematical artefact of the typical symmetrization procedure of many-body wavefunction in solid state physics. Here we show that this entanglement is physical, demonstrating the principles of its extraction from a typical solid-state system by scattering two particles off the system. Moreover, we show how to simulate this process using present day optical lattice technology. This demonstrates not only that entanglement exists in solids but also that it can be used for quantum information processing or as a test of Bell's inequalities.
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Thermodynamics is a meta-theory describing rules of natural behavior to which all microscopic physical theories have to conform. Physicists have used it to derive many, at first sight unrelated, results, such as Einstein's general relativity \\cite{jacobson} or the quantum hypothesis \\cite{einstein}. It is natural to ask whether quantum entanglement - a phenomenon in which two or more quantum systems have to be described with reference to each other \\cite{schroedinger} - can be based on thermodynamics. Here we show that the universal validity of the Third Law of Thermodynamics \\cite{nernst} relies on the existence of quantum entanglement. This is because without it heat capacity would diverge in general in the limit of very low temperatures, in contrast to the Third Law of Thermodynamics. Our result implies that heat capacity, although a macroscopic property, can be used to detect entanglement. This can be of a great importance for emerging quantum information technology \\cite{nielsen}.}
The entanglement properties of some novel quantum systems are studied that are inspired by recent developments in cold-atom technology. A triangular optical lattice of two atomic species can be employed to generate a variety of spin-1/2 Hamiltonians including effective three-spin interactions. A variety of one- or two-dimensional systems can thus be realized that possess multi-degenerate ground states or non-vanishing chirality. The properties of these ground states and their phase transitions are probed with appropriate measures such as the entropic entanglement and the spin chirality.
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Abstract We briefly review recent work on entanglement with particular emphasis on its behaviour in interacting spin systems. As already pointed out by several authors a general understanding of the properties of entanglement in condensed matter systems may lead to a deeper comprehension of both dynamics and thermodynamics of many‐body systems. After a brief resume of known means to identify and quantify entanglement, we take interacting spins on a network as an example. We briefly discuss critical properties of entanglement, if the system undergoes a quantum phase transition, and some aspects of its dynamical behaviour.