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Physical Review A

Momentum squeezing of quantum optical pulses

John M. Fini, Peter L. Hagelstein

Published Sep 27, 2002• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a technique for generating momentum-squeezed states of optical pulses with a simple apparatus. An initial coherent state is launched into a dispersion-decreasing fiber, leading to pulse compression. The compressed pulse has a broader spectrum, but the average frequency of the pulse is fundamentally conserved by the Kerr effect. Although the momentum, or frequency, uncertainty of the pulse is not reduced, the final momentum uncertainty is below the coherent-state level with respect to the broadened output spectrum. The observable momentum uncertainty reflects photon correlations generated during the Kerr-effect scattering events. We discuss the basic characteristics of squeezing as well as the possibility of generating interesting quantum superposition states in an ideal lossless device.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.66.033818

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We propose a technique for generating momentum-squeezed states of optical pulses with a simple apparatus. An initial coherent state is launched into a dispersion-decreasing fiber, leading to pulse compression. The compressed pulse has a broader spectrum, but the average frequency of the pulse is fundamentally conserved by the Kerr effect. Although the momentum, or frequency, uncertainty of the pulse is not reduced, the final momentum uncertainty is below the coherent-state level with respect to the broadened output spectrum. The observable momentum uncertainty reflects photon correlations generated during the Kerr-effect scattering events. We discuss the basic characteristics of squeezing as well as the possibility of generating interesting quantum superposition states in an ideal lossless device.
Abstract Quantum squeezed states of light characterized by a reduced quantum uncertainty with respect to one of the quadrature variables smaller than the uncertainty of the vacuum state (the standard quantum limit) play an important role in the current fundamental and applied research. The main information concerning the proprieties and manifestations of the squeezed states are presented. A concise review of the methods for obtaining and detecting the quantum squeezed light is performed; at that, a special attention is payed to fiber-optical schemas. The Kerr mechanism of squeezed state generation that is realized in various variants of fiber-optic systems is considered in detail. An experimental scheme of generation of polarization-squeezed states based on a nonlinear polarization-maintaining fiber is presented. Different factors that limit squeezing are considered.
Summary form only given.Recently, a novel way of generating an amplitude-squeezed state using the Kerr nonlinearity has been demonstrated. In this scheme, a pulse with an energy greater than that of the fundamental soliton is launched into an optical fiber with a length of several soliton periods. At the fiber output, the pulse is filtered and detected. The resulting photocurrent has a noise level lower then the shot noise, indicating an amplitude-squeezed state. Here, we demonstrate that soliton amplitude squeezing can be obtained without postfiltering.
Squeezed light, in which the quantum noise in one amplitude component is reduced below the vacuum level, has been generated using parametric processes. The starting point described here is the nonlinear Schrodinger equation which models light propagating through optical fibers. When such a dispersive nonlinear medium with a third-order susceptibility is pumped with an optical beam, squeezing can result. It is found that the degree of squeezing oscillates as a function of fiber length in the normal dispersion regime, whereas in the anomalous dispersion regime, it grows exponentially with fiber length. Examination of squeezing near the fiber’s zero dispersion wavelength shows that odd-order dispersive terms have no effect on squeezing. However, small values of higher-order even terms have significant effects on squeezing. In practice, high-frequency components of the squeezing spectrum are difficult to obtain. However, it is shown that a cross-correlation technique may be used to explore the frequency dependence of the squeezing spectrum.
Photon number of coherent light obeys Poisson distribution, and its variance is proportional to the intensity of the light. Photon-number squeezed state is the light whose variance is reduced below the standard quantum limit. In general, photon-number squeezed state has been generated with femtosecond pulses and asymmetric fiber interferometer [1]. However, due to difference of nonlinearity in the two arms, mismatch of spectrum shape and phase is occurred for two pulses. As a result, the squeezing level becomes lower. It is especially true for pulses in the normal dispersion regime.