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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Spatial diagnostics of a gallium atomic beam by the method of two-stage laser photoionization

A. T. Tursunov, N. B. Eshkabilov

Published Oct 31, 1982• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental investigation was made of the spatial structure of a gallium atomic beam by the method of two-stage laser photoionization. The width of an atomic beam at various distances from the source was determined.
DOI
10.1070/qe1982v012n10abeh006068

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The linear-perpendicular-linear polarization gradient technique was used for investigating laser collimation of a gallium atomic beam in one dimension. The full angular divergence of the atomic beam was reduced to 0.3 mrad by operating on a particular electron transition at 294.45 nm. The transverse velocity of the atoms was reduced to 11 cm/s, which was about half of the Doppler cooling limit. The one-dimensional kinetic energy of atoms was reduced to 6 neV. The transition state exhibited optical pumping of the atoms by the cooling laser.
The efficiency of a two-stage selective laser interaction with an atomic beam is analyzed on the assumption that the interaction region is uniformly illuminated and the atomic beam is an optically thin layer. It is assumed that there is no spontaneous or field-induced recombination. The analysis is made for three energy levels. Formulas are obtained for the dependences of the efficiency of the interaction on such parameters as the laser radiation intensity, excited-state lifetime, absorption cross section, atomic (molecular) beam velocity, and dimensions of this beam.
Photoionization of an atom AAA by a strong laser field in the presence of a spatially well-separated neighboring atom BBB is considered. The laser field frequency is assumed to lie below the ionization potential of atom AAA and be resonant with a dipole-allowed transition in atom BBB. In this situation, the ionization may occur either directly by multiphoton absorption from the laser field at the first atomic center or via an indirect pathway involving two-center electron-electron correlations, where the neighbor atom BBB is first photoexcited and, afterwards, transfers its energy upon deexcitation radiationlessly to atom AAA. Considering monochromatic as well as bichromatic laser fields, we study various coupling regimes of the photoionization process and identify experimentally accessible parameter domains where the two-center channel is dominant.
The potential of using interferences between transition amplitudes for the coherent control of photoionization rates and of asymmetric photoelectron angular distributions has been demonstrated previously. Current efforts in our laboratories are directed toward control of photoionization of NO, and on control of photoionization channels in atomic barium. This latter system is, of course, much simpler than a molecular system, and thus may provide better insight into the mechanisms involved. We will discuss our investigations of the effects of nonlinear coupling, absorption, and dispersion of the laser beams on their propagation through dense media, as observed via interference effects. Laser band structure effects and the effect of Doppler broadening will also be discussed.