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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Reanalysis of fractional quantum Hall effect for vanishing range interactions

Fu‐Chun Zhang, Michael Ma, YuDong Zhu, Jainendra K. Jain

Published Jul 15, 1992• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We study two-dimensional bosons and fermions in a magnetic field with vanishing range interactions. This model was previously proposed for fermions to illustrate the exactness and uniqueness of Laughlin's wave function as a ground state within the lowest Landau level. We show that the restriction to the lowest Landau level is not a valid approximation of these models for arbitrarily high (but finite) cyclotron frequency, since it predicts fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) at an incorrect filling factor. In particular, in contrast to the lowest-Landau-level theory, hard-core bosons are shown not to exhibit any FQHE. However, the set of filling factors for the FQHE are identical in the two cases, thus reaffirming the universality of the FQHE.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.46.2632

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We study two-dimensional bosons and fermions in a magnetic field with vanishing range interactions. This model was previously proposed for fermions to illustrate the exactness and uniqueness of Laughlin's wave function as a ground state within the lowest Landau level. We show that the restriction to the lowest Landau level is not a valid approximation of these models for arbitrarily high (but finite) cyclotron frequency, since it predicts fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) at an incorrect filling factor. In particular, in contrast to the lowest-Landau-level theory, hard-core bosons are shown not to exhibit any FQHE. However, the set of filling factors for the FQHE are identical in the two cases, thus reaffirming the universality of the FQHE.
States of strongly interacting particles are of fundamental interest in physics and can produce exotic emergent phenomena and topological structures. We consider here two-dimensional electrons in a magnetic field, and, departing from the standard practice of restricting to the lowest LL, introduce a model short-range interaction that is infinitely strong compared to the cyclotron energy. We demonstrate that this model lends itself to an exact solution for the ground as well as excited states at arbitrary filling factors ν<1/2p and produces a fractional quantum Hall effect at fractions of the form ν=n/(2pn+1), where n and p are integers. The fractional quantum Hall states of our model share many topological properties with the corresponding Coulomb ground states in the lowest Landau level, such as the edge physics and the fractional charge of the excitations.
Finite-size two-dimensional systems are investigated by numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. Both fermion systems and boson systems are investigated. The energy of the liquidlike ground state of the fermion system shows a downward cusp at 13\frac{1}{3}31​ filling of the lowest Landau level. This behavior is consistent with the observed fractional quantum Hall effect. The short-range behavior of the pair distribution function of the ground state is analyzed and good agreement with Laughlin's trial wave function is obtained.
It is argued that a short-range interaction induces a quasi-Landau-level structure in the filling-factor dependence of the ground-state energy of electrons in the lowest Landau level. The discussion is based on exact numerical results obtained from small-system calculations, and the adiabatic principle of Greiter and Wilczek. It is shown that by attaching a single negative flux quantum to each electron adiabatically, the noninteracting electron ground states occupying higher Landau levels are smoothly transformed into the ground states of a hard-core boson gas in the lowest Landau level. This implies a close correspondence between the noninteracting fermions and the hard-core bosons in the lowest Landau level. Numerical results suggest the possibility of a smooth transition from hard-core bosons to fermions with a short-range interaction, by continuously varying the interaction potential.
Exact diagonalization of a two-dimensional electron gas in a strong magnetic field in the disk geometry shows that there exists a filling-factor range in the second Landau level where the states significantly differ from those in the lowest Landau level. We show that the difference arises because the interaction between composite fermions is not negligible in higher Landau levels, as indicated by a substantial mixing between composite-fermion Landau-like levels, or $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ levels. We find that the exact ground state is well reproduced by composite-fermion theory with $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-level mixing incorporated at the lowest level of approximation. Using the same variational approach in the spherical geometry we estimate the excitation gap at filling 1∕31∕31∕3 in the second Landau level (which corresponds to 7∕37∕37∕3 of experiment).
We present an application of collective field theory to the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). We first express the condition, that the electrons are all in the lowest Landau level, as a constraint equation for the state functional. We then derive the fractional filling factor from this equation together with the no-free-vortex assumption. A hierarchy of filling factors is derived by using the particle-vortex dual transformations. In the final section we discuss an attempt at a dynamical theory of FQHE, which would justify the no-free-vortex assumption. A derivation of Laughlin’s wave function with and without quasi-hole excitations is also given.
A simple one-dimensional model is proposed, in which N spinless repulsively interacting fermions occupy M > N degenerate states. It is argued that the energy spectrum and the wavefunctions of this system strongly resemble the spectrum and wavefunctions of 2D electrons in the lowest Landau level (the problem of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect). In particular, Laughlin-type wavefunctions describe ground states at filling factors v = N/M = 1/ q , q odd.. Within this model the complimentary wavefunction for v =1−1/ q is found explicitly, and extremely simple ground state wavefunctions for arbitrary odd-denominator filling factors are proposed.