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Physical Review A

Phase conjugation in liquid suspensions of microspheres in the diffusive limit

Daniel N. Rogovin, Seppo O. Sari

Published Apr 1, 1985• 55 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We examine phase conjugation via degenerate four-wave mixing in liquid suspensions of microspheres in the small-field limit, where saturation effects can be ignored. For these media, electro- strictive forces modulate the microparticle density in such a way that two orthogonal spatial gratings are created. Coherent scattering of the pump radiation from these two gratings gives rise to the formation of a conjugate wave, as well as amplification of the probe wave. We discuss the steady-state and transient characteristics of the probe and conjugate waves in this regime where the dynamics of the microparticles is governed by diffusion.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.31.2375

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We examine phase conjugation via degenerate four-wave mixing in liquid suspensions of microspheres in the small-field limit, where saturation effects can be ignored. For these media, electro- strictive forces modulate the microparticle density in such a way that two orthogonal spatial gratings are created. Coherent scattering of the pump radiation from these two gratings gives rise to the formation of a conjugate wave, as well as amplification of the probe wave. We discuss the steady-state and transient characteristics of the probe and conjugate waves in this regime where the dynamics of the microparticles is governed by diffusion.
We examine phase conjugation via degenerate four-wave mixing in liquid suspensions of microellipsoids in the small-field limit, where saturation effects can be ignored. For these media, electro- strictive torques rotate the microellipsoids in such a way that two orthogonal orientational gratings are created. Furthermore, electrostrictive forces modulate the microparticle density, which gives rise to the formation of two orthogonal spatial gratings that are superimposed on the orientational ones. Coherent scattering of pump radiation from these four gratings generates the conjugate wave and, in the low-loss limit, amplifies the probe wave. We discuss the steady-state and transient characteristics of the probe and conjugate waves in this limit where microparticle dynamics are governed by diffusion.
We explore dynamic media, such as plasmas and photorefractive materials, as generators of phase conjugated replicas of transient optical signals via four-wave mixing. The characterizing element of dynamic media is a population of free charge carriers that leads to induced charge density gratings on probe illumination. In steady-state conditions, phase conjugation in such media normally appears with smaller pump intensities than are required in Kerr media but at the expense of potentially slow response times.1
Transient phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in saturable dyes is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Two special cases are examined: (1) the case in which two pump waves and a probe wave are simultaneously turned on and (2) the case in which the pump waves are turned on well before the incidence of the probe wave. For case (1) a peak appears in the transient reflectivity for high pump intensity, while for case (2) the reflectivity increases monotonically with time up to the steady-state value irrespective of the value of the pump intensity.