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Optics and Spectroscopy

Light drag in moving media with a high frequency dispersion

Yu. I. Heller

Published Nov 1, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The influence of spectral interference of various nature on the effects of radiation drag is studied using as examples electromagnetically induced transparency in pure discrete atomic transitions and the transparency windows of autoionization resonances of gaseous media. The analysis is performed using the Maxwell equations and taking into account the equivalence of the corresponding spatial dispersion of a substance and the optical effects caused by uniform motion. The realization conditions of the drag coefficients in the Lorentz and Laub forms are found from the exact dispersion equations obtained. A direct relation between the monochromatic radiation drag coefficient and the decrease in the pulsed radiation group velocity due to high frequency dispersion of the resonant refractive index is found. The known experimental data on ultraslow light pulses indicate the possibility of interference enhancement of the light drag effect by a factor of 10 6 -10 7 .

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x06110191

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The influence of spectral interference of various nature on the effects of radiation drag is studied using as examples electromagnetically induced transparency in pure discrete atomic transitions and the transparency windows of autoionization resonances of gaseous media. The analysis is performed using the Maxwell equations and taking into account the equivalence of the corresponding spatial dispersion of a substance and the optical effects caused by uniform motion. The realization conditions of the drag coefficients in the Lorentz and Laub forms are found from the exact dispersion equations obtained. A direct relation between the monochromatic radiation drag coefficient and the decrease in the pulsed radiation group velocity due to high frequency dispersion of the resonant refractive index is found. The known experimental data on ultraslow light pulses indicate the possibility of interference enhancement of the light drag effect by a factor of 10 6 -10 7 .
The influence of spectral interference of different nature on resonant Faraday rotation is studied using as examples the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency in pure discrete atomic transitions and the transparency windows of autoionization resonances of gaseous media. A common numerical criterion for a substantial effect of spectral interference and coherence of atomic transitions on magneto-optical phenomena is established. A direct relationship between the polarization ellipse rotation angle of cw monochromatic light and reduction of the light pulse group velocity resulting from a strong frequency dispersion of the resonant refractive index is found. The known experimental data on ultraslow light pulses indicate the possibility of interference enhancement of the Faraday effect by a factor of 10 6 −10 7 .
Specific features of the propagation of light pulses with frequency lying in the range of autoionization resonances of the medium are analyzed. It is shown that the interference nature of the autoionization spectra makes it possible to combine a strong frequency dispersion of the refractive index with small absorption when the radiation frequency approaches the spectral range of the "transparency window" of an isolated resonance or of a series of overlapped autoionization resonances. This allows one to control the time delay of the pulses and their group velocity. Depending on the parameters of the medium, the pulse group velocity may be maximally reduced by a factor of 10 4 –10 5 .
The effect of thermal atomic motion in gaseous media on the features of electromagnetically induced transparency is studied. Relatively general and compact analytical expressions are derived for the absorption coefficient and refractive index of a probe wave in the presence of high-power driving radiation that is resonant with respect to the adjacent atomic transition allowing for the relaxation of low-frequency coherence. It is demonstrated that the shape of the spectrum is similar to laser-induced structures in a continuum. This representation of resonances allows the electromagnetically induced transparency to be studied on relatively general assumptions and a significant retardation of radiation pulses and their delays to be demonstrated.
The Fresnel-Fizeau effect of transverse drag, in which the trajectory of a light beam changes due to the transverse motion of the optical medium, is usually extremely small and hard to detect. We observe transverse drag in a moving hot-vapor cell, utilizing slow light due to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The drag effect is enhanced by a factor 3.6 × 10 5 , corresponding to the ratio between the light speed in vacuum and the group velocity under EIT conditions. We study the contribution of the thermal atomic motion, which is much faster than the mean medium velocity, and identify the regime where its effect on the transverse drag is negligible.
A light beam normally incident upon an uniformly moving dielectric medium is, in general, subject to bendings due to a transverse Fresnel-Fizeau light drag effect. In most familiar dielectrics, the magnitude of this bending effect is very small and hard to detect. Yet, the effect can be dramatically enhanced in strongly dispersive media where slow group velocities in the m/s range have been recently observed taking advantage of the electromagnetically induced transparency effect. In addition to the usual downstream drag that takes place for positive group velocities, we discuss a significant anomalous upstream drag which is expected to occur for negative group velocities. Furthermore, for sufficiently fast speeds of the medium, higher-order dispersion terms are found to play an important role and to be responsible for light propagation along curved paths or the restoration of the time and space coherence of an incident noisy beam. The physics underlying this class of slow-light effects is thoroughly discussed.
The phenomena which take place during the time of propagation of a monochromatic pulse of a resonance radiation through optically dense on the transition frequency medium containing resonance absorbing centers are considered. Due to the action of the pulse of the resonance radiation the saturation of absorption in the layer of the medium takes place. As a result the absorption decreases in the layer and the radiation penetrates into the next layer. Thus translucent region continuously moves deeper into the medium and the process is wavelike.When the density of the initial photon flux is constant and the distribution of absorbing centers is homogeneous the absorption coefficient and the photon density in the depth of the media depends only on the variable $t\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{-}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}x/v$. The velocity of translucency wave v may be by several orders of magnitude less than the velocity of light. The mechanism of the saturation can be various. The small value of the loss of photons in the transluced region of the medium is the necessary condition for the rise of translucent waves. The condition of realization of translucent wave is fulfilled for a large number of condensed states having intense absorption lines. These conditions are the most favourable in the case of presence of methastable levels between the levels 1 and 2 (type-ruby system). The effect of the translucent waves is general for various ranges of spectrum of electromagnetic radiation and may be realized in astrophysical scale.