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Physica Scripta

Negative binomial states for the pseudoharmonic oscillator

Dušan Popov, Nicolina Pop, M Davidovic

Published Mar 1, 2013• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we examine some of the statistical properties of the negative binomial states (NBSs) that are a superposition of the number of states with appropriately chosen coefficients, but on the basis of Fock-vectors, which correspond to the pseudoharmonic oscillator. These states have the coherent states’ behaviour not only for the harmonic limit. We examine the expectation values of the integer powers of the number operator N , which is useful when calculating Mandel's parameter for these states. Depending on the value of this parameter, we can determine the statistical behaviour of the NBSs, where these states are: sub-Poissonian, Poissonian and supra-Poissonian. Meijer's G -functions formalism was used in the calculation.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/2013/t153/014051

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In this paper we examine some of the statistical properties of the negative binomial states (NBSs) that are a superposition of the number of states with appropriately chosen coefficients, but on the basis of Fock-vectors, which correspond to the pseudoharmonic oscillator. These states have the coherent states’ behaviour not only for the harmonic limit. We examine the expectation values of the integer powers of the number operator N , which is useful when calculating Mandel's parameter for these states. Depending on the value of this parameter, we can determine the statistical behaviour of the NBSs, where these states are: sub-Poissonian, Poissonian and supra-Poissonian. Meijer's G -functions formalism was used in the calculation.
In this paper we have studied the binomial states and also the excited binomial states defined in terms of the Fock-basis vectors of the pseudoharmonic oscillator. We have demonstrated that outside of the behavior at the harmonic limit, when the binomial states lead to the coherent states of the one dimensional harmonic oscillator, these states have in fact all the characteristics of the coherent states defined on the complex unit disk. We have calculated the expectation values and the Mandel parameter (as well as their thermal analogue) which give us information on their statistical behavior. All the obtained relations tend, at the harmonic limit, to the corresponding relations for the one dimensional harmonic oscillator.
The real and imaginary negative binomial states formed by a superposition of the negative binomial states are introduced. The sub-Poissonian statistics, Wigner function and squeezing properties of the real and imaginary states are studied in detail. The oscillatory character of the photon distribution due to the quantum interference between the two components is shown. Moreover, we find that these states are real and imaginary nonlinear Schrödinger cat states and give the corresponding ladder operator formalisms. We also discuss how to generate these general real quantum superposition states based on the intensity-dependent Jaynes-Cummings model.
Photon-added BarutndashndashndashGirardello coherent states of the pseudoharmonic oscillator
In a previous paper (Popov D 2001 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34 5283) we have constructed the coherent states (CSs) of the pseudoharmonic oscillator (PHO). These states are of the Barut–Girardello type. In the present paper, we have constructed and investigated some properties of the photon-added Barut–Girardello coherent states (PA-BGCSs) of the PHO. These states are not orthogonal but are normalized and satisfy a unity resolution relation (the completeness relation). We have found the analytical form for the positive weight function in the resolution of unity. By using these states, we have calculated some expectation values (the first two powers of the number operator N ), which have evinced some non-classical properties. In order to examine the statistical properties of a PHO gas, which obeys the quantum canonical distribution, the diagonal P -representation of the density operator ρ ( m ) is constructed and the thermal expectation values are calculated. All these quantities are expressed in terms of Meijer G -functions, and so the PA-BGCSs are a new field of application for these functions. Also, the time dependence of the PA-BGCSs is examined. If in the obtained results we put m = 0, we recover all the results from our previous paper.
The properties of the even and odd negative binomial states are investigated. Mainly we concentrate on the statistical properties for such states and we consider the squeezing phenomenon by examining the variation in the quadrature variances. Using the Pegg–Barnett formalism of phase operator, the phase probability distributions of the states are discussed, and also the phase and number squeezing with different parameters are studied. The numerical computation results show that the phase probability distributions for the even and odd NBSs can clearly exhibit the different features of quantum effects.
A generalization of the canonical coherent states of a quantum harmonic oscillator has been performed by requiring the conditions of normalizability, continuity in the label, and resolution of the identity operator with a positive weight function. Relying on this approach, in the present scenario, coherent states are generalized over the canonical or finite dimensional Fock space of the harmonic oscillator. A class of generalized coherent states is determined such that the corresponding distributions of the number of excitations depart from the Poisson statistics according to combinations of stretched exponential decays, power laws, and logarithmic forms. The analysis of the Mandel parameter shows that the generalized coherent states exhibit (non-classical) sub-Poissonian or super-Poissonian statistics of the number of excitations, based on the realization of determined constraints. Mittag-Leffler and Wright generalized coherent states are analyzed as particular cases.