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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Selective Deflection of Polarized Light Via Coherently Driven Four-Level Atoms in a Double-Λ Configuration

Yu Guo

Published May 1, 2010• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the interaction of a weak probe field, having two circular polarized components, i.e., σ − and σ + polarization, with an optically dense medium of four-level atoms in a double-Λ configuration, which is mediated by the electromagnetically induced transparency with a polarized control light with spatially inhomogeneous profile. We analyse the deflection of the polarized probe light and we find that we can selectively determine which circular component will be deflected after the polarized probe light enters the atom medium via adjusting the polarization and detuning of the control field.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/53/5/25

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We study the interaction of a weak probe field, having two circular polarized components, i.e., σ − and σ + polarization, with an optically dense medium of four-level atoms in a double-Λ configuration, which is mediated by the electromagnetically induced transparency with a polarized control light with spatially inhomogeneous profile. We analyse the deflection of the polarized probe light and we find that we can selectively determine which circular component will be deflected after the polarized probe light enters the atom medium via adjusting the polarization and detuning of the control field.
We study the angular deflection of the circular polarized components of a linearly polarized probe field in a weakly birefringent atomic system in tripod configuration. A spatially inhomogeneous control field incident obliquely onto an atomic vapor cell facilitates a large angular divergence between circular components. We show that the angular resolution can be dynamically controlled by optimally choosing the angle of incidence and the transverse profile of the control beam. For instance, by employing a Laguerre-Gaussian profile of the control field, one can impart a large angular divergence to the circular components close to the entry face of the atomic vapor cell. We further demonstrate how such a medium causes the focusing and refocusing of the probe field, thereby acting as a convex or a concave lens with multiple foci. The absorption in the medium remains negligible at resonance as a cumulative effect of coherent population oscillations (CPO) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT).
We study the angular deflection of the circularly polarized components of a linearly polarized probe field in a weakly birefringent atomic system in tripod configuration. A spatially inhomogeneous control field incident obliquely onto an atomic vapor cell facilitates a large angular divergence between circular components. We show that the angular resolution can be dynamically controlled by optimally choosing the angle of incidence and the transverse profile of the control beam. For instance, by employing a Laguerre-Gaussian profile of the control field, one can impart a large angular divergence to the circular components close to the entry face of the atomic vapor cell. We further demonstrate how such a medium causes the focusing and refocusing of the probe field, thereby acting as a lens with multiple foci. The absorption in the medium remains negligible at resonance due to electromagnetically induced transparency.
We study the spatial behavior of a deflected beam in a coherent Λ-type three-level atomic medium with an inhomogeneous control laser. When the Rabi coupling by the control laser is in a Gaussian profile, the spatial-dependent refraction index of the atomic medium will result in a beam splitting as well as the deflection of the slow probe light under electromagnetically induced transparency. In terms of the phase difference between the two splitting beams and the position of the splitting, the possible interpretation of the splitting is given in theory.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a mechanism to achieve coherent control of the polarization rotation of an optical field in a multilevel electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system in rubidium atoms. By choosing a properly polarized coupling field and transition energy levels, the symmetry of the atomic medium to the propagation of two orthogonal polarization components of a weak linearly polarized probe field can be broken, which leads to a coherently controlled rotation of the probe field polarization. This mechanism of coherently controlled optical polarization rotation makes use of asymmetry in EIT subsystems for the two circular polarization components of the probe beam with a contribution from different transition strengths (due to different Clebsh-Gordan coefficients) in this multilevel atomic system.
Abstract The general expression for the transformation matrix of the two input weak arbitrarily polarized probe fields passing through the medium under the conditions of double-Λ electromagnetically induced transparency is obtained for arbitrary values of the amplitudes, phases and polarizations of the control fields and arbitrary values of the angular momenta of resonant levels. The conditions are found for the two input weak probe fields linearly polarized in perpendicular planes to exchange their polarizations after the passage through the medium without absorption. The polarization rotation of the probe fields is studied for the atoms being initially in the equilibrium state.
In recent experiments [e.g., Nature Physics 2 (2006) 332], the enhanced light deflection in an atomic ensemble due to inhomogeneous fields is demonstrated by the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based mechanism. In this paper, we explore a different mechanism for the similar phenomenon of the enhanced light deflection. This mechanism is based on the coherent population oscillation, which leads to the hole burning in the absorption spectrum. The medium causing the deflection of probe light is an ensemble of two-level atoms manipulated by a strong controlled field on the two photon resonances. In the large detuning condition, the response of the medium to the pump field and signal field is obtained with steady state approximation. And it is found that after the probe field travels across the medium, the signal ray bends due to the spatial-dependent profile of the control beam.