Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optics Letters

Multiline phase conjugation in resonant materials

Duncan G. Steel, Juan Francisco Lam

Published Jul 1, 1980• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a direct experimental demonstration of multiwavelength phase conjugation through degenerate four-wave mixing. The experiments were performed using a multiline CO2 TEA laser with SF6 as the nonlinear medium. Using a vidicon to observe the signal in the far field, we show good aberration-correction ability. A qualitative description of the additional cross coupling is also provided.

DOI
10.1364/ol.5.000297

Related papers

Phase conjugation at 10.6 μm by resonantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing

Richard C. Lind, Duncan G. Steel, M. B. Klein +3 more

A resonantly enhanced phase-conjugate 10.6-μm signal has been generated in the saturable absorber SF6. Direct evidence of aberration correction is shown through the use of far-field photographs taken with a pyroelectric vidicon camera. Reflection coefficients of 7% have been achieved in a few Torr of SF6 for a 2-cm interaction length.

Applied Physics Letters•Apr 1, 1979•48 citations

Doppler–free CW phase–conjugate spectrum of SF6 by degenerate four-wane mixing at 10.6 μm

Jean-Luc Boulnois, Philippe Aubourg, Govind Prasad Agrawal

Recently phase conjugation at 10.6 μm has drawn considerable attention. Various nonlinear materials such as SF6, Co2, Ge, HgCdTe and doped KCI have been used to generate the conjugate wave through resonant degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM). In most of the previous work, pulsed CO2 lasers were used.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 1981•0 citations

On-resonant phase-conjugate reflection and amplification at 106 μm in inverted CO_2

Robert A. Fisher, B. J. Feldman

We have obtained phase-conjugate reflection and amplification with an effective reflectivity exceeding unity by redirecting the output of a TEA CO(2)-laser oscillator into its own gain medium. The intense counterpropagating waves within the laser were coupled through the saturated medium to provide the nonlinearity in a process analogous to degenerate four-wave mixing.

Optics Letters•May 1, 1979•55 citations

Multiline phase conjugation at 4 μm in germanium

David A. Depatie, D. C. Haueisen

Phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in the 4-microm region in germanium has been observed for both single-line and multiline radiation. By using single-line output of a DF laser at 3.8 microm, X3 has been measured to be 4 X 10(-1) esu. Phase conjugation of multiline laser output has been achieved with an efficiency of 0.03%, a level that is consistent with the susceptibility found for single-line phase conjugation and the assumption of independent conjugation of each line of the multiline output.

Optics Letters•Jun 1, 1980•22 citations

Phase conjugation in CO2 laser medium: theory and experiment

А. А. Ионин, А. А. Котков, Anatolii P. Napartovich +2 more

Phase conjugation (PC) processes at degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in the active medium of a pulsed e-beam controlled discharge CO2-laser were studied both experimentally and theoretically. The experiment was carried out with the following parameters: laser gas mixture CO2:N2:He=1:2:4, gas pressure 0.3 bar, active medium length 1.2 m, resonator length 12 m (17.7 m for single line laser), interaction angle ~10 mrad at DFWM without optical delay between probe wave and co-propagating pump one. Integral PC reflectivity (PCR) strongly depends on such parameters as: specific input energy (Fig. 1); intensity ratio for probe J3 and co-propagating pump J1 wave (Fig.2); coherency of the laser radiation, that varied by rotation of mutual polarization or with optical delay between probe wave and co-propagating pump one; geometry of DFWM; output mirror reflectance Rout (8-80%) (PCR was maximum with Rout of 8% but best quality of PC signal was observed with Rout =80%); gas mixture composition and pressure, being maximum for a mixture with a low fraction of helium and at higher pressure (up to 0.6 bar). A periodical dependence of PCR on optical delay between probe and co-propagating pump wave with periods 10−3 and 10−5 m was observed. The PCR did not depend on spectral content and a degree of linear polarization of the laser radiation.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jan 1, 1998•0 citations

Investigations on phase conjugation based on nondegenerate four wave mixing in a Rb vapor cell

Jie Zhao, Zhifan Zhou, Paul D. Lett

Phase conjugation is an nonlinear effect that results from the four-wave-mixing process. This peculiar effect, in analogy to a mirror, reflects an incident beam in a way that the reflection constitutes the time-reversal of the original beam. By combining the phase conjugate mirror with ordinary mirrors, a special resonator, called phase conjugate resonator (PCR), is constructed. The phase conjugate resonator has been used in a wide range of applications, including phase aberration correction, image transmission, holography, and phase sensing using interferometers. Here, we explore theoretically the properties of phase conjugate mirror by investigating its action upon a variety of quantum states. In addition, we analyze the input-output relations of a phase conjugate resonator. Experimental results are reported that faithfully verify PCR's enhanced stability as compared to normal resonators. Furthermore, we observe a linewidth narrowing effect that is only present in the phase conjugate resonator.

Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology•Mar 4, 2021•0 citations
We present a direct experimental demonstration of multiwavelength phase conjugation through degenerate four-wave mixing. The experiments were performed using a multiline CO2 TEA laser with SF6 as the nonlinear medium. Using a vidicon to observe the signal in the far field, we show good aberration-correction ability. A qualitative description of the additional cross coupling is also provided.
Phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in the 4-microm region in germanium has been observed for both single-line and multiline radiation. By using single-line output of a DF laser at 3.8 microm, X3 has been measured to be 4 X 10(-1) esu. Phase conjugation of multiline laser output has been achieved with an efficiency of 0.03%, a level that is consistent with the susceptibility found for single-line phase conjugation and the assumption of independent conjugation of each line of the multiline output.
Phase conjugation (PC) processes at degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in the active medium of a pulsed e-beam controlled discharge CO2-laser were studied both experimentally and theoretically. The experiment was carried out with the following parameters: laser gas mixture CO2:N2:He=1:2:4, gas pressure 0.3 bar, active medium length 1.2 m, resonator length 12 m (17.7 m for single line laser), interaction angle ~10 mrad at DFWM without optical delay between probe wave and co-propagating pump one. Integral PC reflectivity (PCR) strongly depends on such parameters as: specific input energy (Fig. 1); intensity ratio for probe J3 and co-propagating pump J1 wave (Fig.2); coherency of the laser radiation, that varied by rotation of mutual polarization or with optical delay between probe wave and co-propagating pump one; geometry of DFWM; output mirror reflectance Rout (8-80%) (PCR was maximum with Rout of 8% but best quality of PC signal was observed with Rout =80%); gas mixture composition and pressure, being maximum for a mixture with a low fraction of helium and at higher pressure (up to 0.6 bar). A periodical dependence of PCR on optical delay between probe and co-propagating pump wave with periods 10−3 and 10−5 m was observed. The PCR did not depend on spectral content and a degree of linear polarization of the laser radiation.
Phase conjugation is an nonlinear effect that results from the four-wave-mixing process. This peculiar effect, in analogy to a mirror, reflects an incident beam in a way that the reflection constitutes the time-reversal of the original beam. By combining the phase conjugate mirror with ordinary mirrors, a special resonator, called phase conjugate resonator (PCR), is constructed. The phase conjugate resonator has been used in a wide range of applications, including phase aberration correction, image transmission, holography, and phase sensing using interferometers. Here, we explore theoretically the properties of phase conjugate mirror by investigating its action upon a variety of quantum states. In addition, we analyze the input-output relations of a phase conjugate resonator. Experimental results are reported that faithfully verify PCR's enhanced stability as compared to normal resonators. Furthermore, we observe a linewidth narrowing effect that is only present in the phase conjugate resonator.