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Physical Review A

Doppler-tuned multiphoton resonances in an atom reflection by a standing evanescent wave

S. Feron, J. Reinhardt, M. Ducloy, O. Gorceix, Síle Nic Chormaic, Christian Miniatura, Jacques Robert, J. Baudon, V. Lorent, Hellmut Haberland

Published Jun 1, 1994• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the condition of observation of Doppler-tuned multiphotonic (``doppleron'') resonances in an atom reflection by a standing evanescent wave. A theoretical model based on Ehrenfest's theorem for external atomic motion is proposed. The light forces exerted by the stationary evanescent wave are calculated either with a perturbation approach, or with a continuous-fraction method. The appearance of the multiphotonic lines in the specularly reflected atomic beam is clearly shown. These predictions are in good agreement with previous and present experimental results, which are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.49.4733

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We analyze the condition of observation of Doppler-tuned multiphotonic (``doppleron'') resonances in an atom reflection by a standing evanescent wave. A theoretical model based on Ehrenfest's theorem for external atomic motion is proposed. The light forces exerted by the stationary evanescent wave are calculated either with a perturbation approach, or with a continuous-fraction method. The appearance of the multiphotonic lines in the specularly reflected atomic beam is clearly shown. These predictions are in good agreement with previous and present experimental results, which are discussed.
We numerically solve the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for a two-level atom interacting with an evanescent light field. The atom may be reflected or diffracted. Using the experimental parameter values we quantitatively model the evanescent field dopplerons (velocity-tuned resonances) observed by Stenlake et al. [Phys. Rev. A 49, 16 (1994)]. Besides successfully modeling the experiment, our approach provides complementary insights to the usual solution of the time-independent Schr\"odinger equation. We neglect spontaneous emission.
The dynamics of quantum fluctuations in an atom interacting with a standing-wave field is studied. The spectrum of resonance fluorescence is calculated using a formulation based on optical Bloch equations for two-time correlation functions and continued-fraction methods. The spectra are calculated both under resonant and nonresonant conditions. The resonance condition in the context of a standing-wave field corresponds to a velocity-tuned or Doppleron resonance that in turn depends on the intensity of the pump. The Doppleron resonances are extracted from the positions of maxima in the total intensity of fluorescence. The spectral features are explained in terms of the eigenvalues of the appropriate ``Floquet'' matrix.
We report on the observation of velocity-tuned (doppleron) resonances in the grazing-incidence reflection of thermal sodium atoms from a moving evanescent light grating created by interference between two counterpropagating laser beams. The relative velocity between the atoms and the grating can be varied continuously by adjusting the frequency of one laser. We observe an exchange of photons between copropagating and counterpropagating fields in an evanescent light grating. The results are in general agreement with a dressed-state model for the diffraction of atoms from such a grating.