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Nonlinear Optics

Spontaneous type-1 optical parametric down-conversion in a Fabry-Perot microcavity

Roger Andrews

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion is investigated theoretically for a nonlinear crystal placed inside a microcavity of length 100 microns. We find suppression and enhancement in the count rate for detectors placed outside the cavity.
DOI
10.1364/nlo.2000.wb23

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A theory of spontaneous parametric downconversion in a nonlinear crystal that is placed inside a microcavity in the degenerate, collinear, type I arrangement is given. Both atom and field variables are fully quantized. The photon-correlation function for the entangled photon pairs produced has a much longer correlation time (~0.4 ns) than that without the cavity (of the order of subpicoseconds) and can be measured directly with fast photodetectors. We also calculate the resonant suppression and enhancement in the photon-pair count rate as a function of cavity length. The results are in qualitative agreement with recent downconversion experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2556 (1999)] in a 4.5-mm cavity.
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear crystal has been a workhorse for the generation of entangled and correlated single-photon pairs used for quantum communications applications for nearly three decades. However, as a naturally broadband process, the ability of SPDC to interface with the very narrow energy transitions in atomic ensembles for implementing quantum memories, which are needed for quantum repeaters to extend the reach of quantum communications, was initially limited. To overcome this limitation, the process was enhanced by placing the nonlinear crystal inside a resonating cavity. This modified process has some important advantages, including narrowing the spectral linewidth of generated photons into brighter resonant modes of the cavity, and the ability to lock the desired mode of the cavity to the targeted transition frequency of the atomic ensemble. This paper presents an overview of the principle of cavity-enhanced SPDC, a review of works to date using this technique, and an example of one of these implementations.
Focus Serial: Frontiers of Nonlinear Optics Nonlinear photonic-crystal microresonators offer unique fundamental ways of enhancing a variety of nonlinear optical processes. This enhancement improves the performance of nonlinear optical devices to such an extent that their corresponding operation powers and switching times are suitable for their implementation in realistic ultrafast integrated optical devices. Here, we review three different nonlinear optical phenomena that can be strongly enhanced in photonic crystal microcavities. First, we discuss a system in which this enhancement has been successfully demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally, namely, a photonic crystal cavity showing optical bistability properties. In this part, we also present the physical basis for this dramatic improvement with respect to the case of traditional nonlinear devices based on nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalons. Secondly, we show how nonlinear photonic crystal cavities can be also used to obtain complete second-harmonic frequency conversion at very low input powers. Finally, we demonstrate that the nonlinear susceptibility of materials can be strongly modified via the so-called Purcell effect, present in the resonant cavities under study.