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Arbitrary photonic wave plate operations on-chip: Realizing Hadamard and Pauli-X gates for polarization encoded qubits

René Heilmann, Markus Gräfe, Stefan Nolte, Alexander Szameit

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present arbitrary wave plate operations on-chip based on the reorientation of the waveguide’s optical axis caused by additional stress fields. A successful implementation of Hadamard and Pauli-X gates for quantum light is shown.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_si.2014.sm1h.1

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Chip-based photonic quantum computing is an emerging technology that promises much speedup over conventional computers at small integration volumes. Particular interest is thereby given to polarisation-encoded photonic qubits, and many protocols have been developed for this encoding. However, arbitrary wave plate operation on chip are not available so far, preventing from the implementation of integrated universal quantum computing algorithms. In our work we close this gap and present Hadamard, Pauli-X, and rotation gates of high fidelity for photonic polarisation qubits on chip by employing a reorientation of the optical axis of birefringent waveguides. The optical axis of the birefringent waveguide is rotated due to the impact of an artificial stress field created by an additional modification close to the waveguide. By adjusting this length of the defect along the waveguide, the retardation between ordinary and extraordinary field components is precisely tunable including half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate operations. Our approach demonstrates the full range control of orientation and strength of the induced birefringence and thus allows arbitrary wave plate operations without affecting the degree of polarisation or introducing additional losses to the waveguides. The implemented gates are tested with classical and quantum light.
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Abstract In quantum optical computing both of Pauli X, Y, Z gates and Hadamard gate are essential and important issues. Several proposals are given for addressing these issues. In this paper, the authors propose polarization encoded all-optical schemes which implement Hadamard logic, Pauli X, Pauli Y and Pauli Z gates followed by Hadamard logic gate separately. An integrated scheme is also proposed where three Pauli gates (X, Y and Z) followed by a single Hadamard gate is developed using polarization encoding mechanism. The outputs of the proposed systems follow the truth tables of the respective operations exactly. As the systems use the polarization character of light, so fully quantum optical operations with superfast speed are achieved.