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Modern Physics Letters B

CAVITY QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMIC ENHANCEMENT OF SPONTANEOUS AND STIMULATED EMISSION IN MICRODROPLETS

A. J. Campillo, Jay D. Eversole, Hsing‐An Lin

Published Apr 10, 1992• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A brief review is presented of recent developments in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamic emission enhancement in liquid microdroplets. These include spectral changes, emission lifetime modification, enhanced energy transfer, and enhanced lasing and Raman gains.
DOI
10.1142/s0217984992000521

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Advanced series in applied physics•Apr 1, 1996•8 citations
Significant cavity QED enhancement have been observed of both spontaneous and stimulated emission in 10- to 14-micrometers diameter liquid microdroplets containing fluorophors. Direct emission lifetime reduction was observed as well as greatly enhanced lasing gain. Use of droplets provides an excellent test of cavity QED theory for spherical geometries. The mode number and order of the spherical cavity resonances responsible for the observed emission peaks were identified and their Q values calculated from Lorenz-Mie theory. An experimental procedure, based on equating stimulated gain to cavity losses, is used to estimate the magnitude of the enhancement. Spherical cavity Qs of only 2600 were found to lead to cavity enhancements of over 100 in the emission cross-section of Rhodamine 6G in agreement with theory.
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Micrometer-sized transparent droplets act as natural high-Q cavities to visible light, and this paper shows them to exhibit strongly enhanced dye emission owing to cavity quantum-electrodynamic effects. A vibrating-orifice aerosol generator1 was used to produce a linear stream of virtually identical (less than 2 parts in 105 diameter variation) falling droplets 14 μm diameter, 10-5 M solution of Rhodamine 6G in ethanol; the droplets were excited by a cw argon-ion laser. Droplet emission was examined with a double 1 m Spex spectrograph and a photomultiplier. Recent development of elastic-scattering-size spectroscopy1,2 allowed identification of the various cavity modes contributing to the emission. This was necessary because of the different Q values and spatial properties of the resonant modes. Q values were calculated from Lorenz-Mie theory and were found to be consistent with observed fluorescence linewidths for the experimentally resolvable fourth-order modes. It was experimentally determined that Q's of only 103 were sufficient to observe sizable enhancements in the A coefficient. Lasing was observed to occur at reduced thresholds, e.g., 400 W/cm2 for fourth order modes having Q's of 2 × 103. This corresponds to a cavity induced enhancement in the B coefficient of 103.