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Physical Review A

Stimulated Rayleigh-Brillouin gain spectroscopy

C. Y. She, G. C. Herring, Hans Moosmüller, S. A. Lee

Published Jun 1, 1985• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Steady-state stimulated Rayleigh-Brillouin gain spectroscopy and its application are reported. The stimulated gain, which is derived in terms of the spectral function of density fluctuations, is shown to approach, in the limit of zero density, the gain derived from the individual-particle picture of Rayleigh scattering. Using a pulsed pump laser, experimental gain spectra of pure ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$, pure Ar, and a ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$- and He-gas mixture are obtained and explained. Other associated coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin spectroscopies and the possibility of using a cw pump laser for higher spectral resolution are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.31.3733

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Steady-state stimulated Rayleigh-Brillouin gain spectroscopy and its application are reported. The stimulated gain, which is derived in terms of the spectral function of density fluctuations, is shown to approach, in the limit of zero density, the gain derived from the individual-particle picture of Rayleigh scattering. Using a pulsed pump laser, experimental gain spectra of pure SF6{\mathrm{SF}}_{6}SF6​, pure Ar, and a SF6{\mathrm{SF}}_{6}SF6​- and He-gas mixture are obtained and explained. Other associated coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin spectroscopies and the possibility of using a cw pump laser for higher spectral resolution are discussed.
Coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering is a four-wave mixing technique that provides information on various physical properties of the scattering medium in the spectral domain. Being based on density gratings generated by dipole forces, the method requires two pump beams of sufficient spectral width to span the full response bandwidth of the scattering medium. We provide experimental data on the scattered spectrum as a function of the coherence between the two pump beams and derive the corresponding pump beam spectrum. We argue that all experiments on coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering to date, have, in fact, been performed in the incoherent regime and show that orders of magnitude in scattering efficiency are to be expected when the experiments are performed with bandwidth-limited picosecond laser pulses.
We measure the spectrum of coherent Brillouin scattering (CBS) in a gas as a function of time and observe for the first time additional spectral sidebands and line shape narrowing of the Brillouin peak. We find that both effects result from the interference of the density modulation induced by the moving dipole force of the pump beams with the acoustic waves induced by their fast thermalization and are predicted by a hydrodynamic-light scattering model. These line shapes differ from both spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering spectra and also from previous coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin measurements.
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering in gases in the kinetic regime. Gas density perturbation waves were generated by two crossing pump laser beams through optical dipole forces. A probe laser beam was then coherently scattered from the perturbation waves. The line shape of the scattered light was modeled using kinetic theory. The model takes into account the internal energy modes of the gas particles and is applicable to both molecular and atomic gases. We discuss the implication of coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering on kinetic theory and photon matter interaction.
There are many methods to achieve optical gain for laser applications; such methods have been used to make improved spectroscopy and microscopy apparatus. In particular, gain from acoustic and atomic interactions has attained much interest, as is evident in the literature. In this work, we report the results of several experiments involving nonlinear Brillouin scattering and three-level gain in rubidium vapor. \n\nBrillouin scattering, both spontaneous and stimulated, in principle result from the scattering of light off of acoustic waves in a medium. While both spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering have been applied to spectroscopy of various samples, from condensed matter to gases, only spontaneous Brillouin scattering has been used for microscopy purposes. We report our result from several proof-of-principle experiments in which stimulated Brillouin scattering and impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering were applied to microscopic purposes for the first time. We show the advantages these methods afford over spontaneous Brillouin scattering and make a statistical comparison between them. \n\nThere are also many ways to achieve gain in atomic vapors. Using a setup similar to the stimulated Brillouin scattering setup we performed gain in a three-level Λ system in warm rubidium vapor. To our knowledge, this is the first time this three-level analog of Mollow’s two-level system with Doppler broadening has been experimentally investigated. Our results show about 0.12% gain in the probe beam. \n\nThis work, and extensions of it, should provide additional methods of performing spectroscopy and microscopy in various materials from atoms to bulk matter.
The authors have extended the theory of stimulated Raman scattering to include the effects of laser bandwidths, in both the transient and steady-state regimes. The case of two interacting laser beams, a pump laser and a probe (Stokes) laser, is treated. Using the phase-diffusion model for laser bandwidth, the authors demonstrate that in the absence of dispersion, the forward Raman gain is essentially independent of the laser bandwidths in the high-gain limit, while in the low-gain limit the gain coefficient is inversely proportional to the sum of the bandwidths. It is further shown that when the pump-laser bandwidth is much larger than the linewidth of the Raman medium, the stimulated Stokes output assumes the same spectrum as the pump laser in the high-gain limit. A possible interpretation of these results is discussed assuming a "phase-locking" of the Stokes phase to the fluctuations in the pump-laser phase, due to the nonlinear interaction of the two beams through the Raman medium.