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Physical Review Letters

Searching for Evolutions of Pure States into Mixed States in the Two-State System K0K¯0

H.-J. Gerber

Published Apr 6, 1998• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Oscillations between two quantum states may be a sensitive probe for a loss of quantum coherence due to possible violations of quantum mechanics, e.g., caused by gravitation. We show, for the strangeness oscillations in the neutral kaon system, that there exist four experiments which uniquely determine all nine non-quantum-mechanical parameters that occur in a density matrix description using the Pauli matrix basis.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.80.2969

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Comment on ``Searching for Evolutions of Pure States into Mixed States in the Two-State System K-K''

Fabio Benatti, Roberto Floreanini B

It has been recently proposed to study generic dynamical evolutions of the neutral kaon system that go beyond quantum mechanics. We explicitly show that, unless the condition of complete positivity is enforced, those dynamics are physically inconsistent and should be rejected.

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Oscillations between two quantum states may be a sensitive probe for a loss of quantum coherence due to possible violations of quantum mechanics, e.g., caused by gravitation. We show, for the strangeness oscillations in the neutral kaon system, that there exist four experiments which uniquely determine all nine non-quantum-mechanical parameters that occur in a density matrix description using the Pauli matrix basis.
This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the properties and phenomena associated with neutral K-mesons. Kaons are quantum systems illustrating strange behaviors. We begin by examining the significance of strangeness and charge parity violation in understanding these particles. The concept of strangeness oscillations is then introduced, explaining oscillations between K0 and K¯0 states. The regeneration of KS is investigated, uncovering the underlying mechanisms involved. The discussion moves on to quasi-spin space, exploring its bases and their implications. The entangled states of kaon pairs K0K¯0 are considered, with a focus on maximally entangled neutral kaons and nonmaximally entangled states. Decoherence effects on entangled kaons are examined, utilizing the density matrix description to capture the dynamics. A dedicated decoherence parameter is introduced to quantify the impact of decoherence. Furthermore, the chapter investigates the loss of entanglement through measures such as von Neumann entanglement entropy, entanglement of formation, and concurrence. These measures provide insights into quantifying and characterizing entanglement in the context of neutral kaons. Through this comprehensive exploration of properties, phenomena, and entanglement dynamics, this chapter aims to pointing out recent works on neutral kaons, contributing to advancements in particle physics.
We point out that decoherence parameters in the correlated two neutral kaon system breaks the transformation invariance of basis and their magnitude are stringently limited by the experimentally measured magnitudes of CP violation and of the strangeness non conserving ΔS=±2ΔS = \pm 2ΔS=±2 transitions.
The neutral kaon system offers a unique possibility to perform fundamental tests of CPT invariance, as well as of the basic principles of quantum mechanics. The most recent limits on several kinds of possible CPT violation and decoherence mechanisms, which in some cases might be justified in a quantum gravity framework, are reviewed, including the latest results obtained by the KLOE experiment at the DAΦNE e + e - collider. No deviation from the expectations of quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry is observed, while the precision of the measurements, in some cases, reaches the interesting Planck scale region.
Neutral kaons provide one of the most sensitive systems to test quantum mechanics and CPT violation.In the first part of this report I review the results on CPT violation searches in the kaon system from the CPLEAR, KLOE and KTeV experiments.In the second part, I report tests of quantum coherence related to CPT violation, performed at CPLEAR and KLOE by studying the time evolution of the kaon system.The results show no deviations from the expectations of quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry, and the accuracy reaches the interesting region of the Planck's scale.
The aim of this contribution is to illustrate two basic aspects of quantum mechanics applied to the neutral kaon system. We first describe a recent quantitative formulation of Bohr's complementarity principle for free--space evolution of single kaons and entangled kaon pairs. We then show that the neutral kaon system is also suitable for an optimal demonstration of the ``quantum eraser'', including its operation in the ``delayed choice'' mode. In our discussions, strangeness oscillations play the role of the traditional interference pattern linked to wave--like behaviour. The role of the two interferometric paths taken by particle--like objects is played by the differently propagating KSK_SKS​ and KLK_LKL​ components. Their distinct decay widths provide a quantum ``mark'' which can be erased by appropriate strangeness measurements.