Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Cross-sections for energy transfer to high Rydberg states of caesium in collisions of excited Cd and unexcited Cs atoms

A. Czajkowski, M. Czajkowski

Published Jun 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Collisional transfer of excitation energy from cadmium to caesium was investigated using methods of sensitized fluorescence. A mixture of cadmium and caesium vapors at low pressure was irradiated with Cd 3263.0 Å resonance radiation producing a population of Cd (53P1) atoms whose inelastic collisions with ground-state Cs atoms resulted in a transfer of excitation energy to a close-lying S, P, D and F states in caesium. The subsequent decay of these states manifested itself in the emission of sensitized fluorescence spectrum. Intensity measurements on the components of the spectrum by means of energy calibrated detector yielded some 50 cross-section values whose magnitudes range from 0.2 Å2 to 30.0 Å2 and which exhibit a pronounced resonances with ΔE the energy defect between Cd (53P1) and the appropriate level in caesium.

DOI
10.1117/12.629526

Related papers

Sensitized Fluorescence in Cadmium Induced in Collisions with Excited Hg Atoms

M. Czajkowski, L. Krause

The transfer of excitation energy induced in inelastic collisions between excited Hg atoms and ground-state Cd atoms was studied using methods of sensitized fluorescence. Hg atoms in a low-density Hg–Cd vapor mixture were excited with Hg 2537 Å resonance radiation to the 63P1 state and interacted with the Cd atoms which became collisionally excited to the 53P1 state and subsequently decayed emitting sensitized fluorescence. Measurements of relative intensities of Hg 2537 Å resonance fluorescence and Cd 3261 Å sensitized fluorescence yielded the cross section Q(63P1 → 53P1) = 4.6 × 10−2 Å2. The efficiency of the excitation transfer was enhanced by the addition of small quantities of N2 to the Hg–Cd system. The cross section for quenching of the Cd 53P1 state by collisions with N2 was found to be 1.7 Å2.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Nov 15, 1974•12 citations

Sensitized Fluorescence in Sodium Induced in Collisions with Hg(63P1) Atoms

M. Czajkowski, George M. Skardis, L. Krause

Collisional transfer of excitation from mercury to sodium was investigated using methods of sensitized fluorescence. A mixture of mercury and sodium vapors at low pressure was irradiated with Hg 2537 Å resonance radiation, producing a population of Hg(63P1) atoms whose inelastic collisions with ground-state sodium atoms resulted in a transfer of excitation energy to close-lying S, P, and D states in sodium. The subsequent decay of these states manifested itself in the emission of a sensitized fluorescent spectrum. Absolute intensity measurements on the components of the spectrum yielded 21 cross sections whose magnitudes range from 0.02 to 38.5 Å2 and which exhibit a pronounced resonance with ΔE, the energy defect between Hg (63P1) and the appropriate level in sodium.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Feb 1, 1973•12 citations

Sensitized fluorescence in caesium vapor.

D. A. McGillis

Collisions of the second kind between caesium and caesium, caesium and helium, and caesium and xenon atoms, leading to P p the transfer of excitation between the 6 6 P^yg states in caesium, have been investigated by studying the sensitized fluorescence in caesium vapor at pressures in the range 2x10*^ • 7x10*5 mm Hg and in vapor-inert gas mixtures.These low caesium densities, at which trapping of resonance radiation is virtually absent, were previously Inaccesible to such measurements.The use of a high intensity light source and an improved fluorescence cell in conjunction with a very sensitive detection system, permitted accurate measurements of extremely low fluorescent intensities.The total collision cross sections for the processes ô^P^yg -> and 6 %]^yg<r-G^P^yg equal 0.64x10*^^ cm® and 3.1x10*15 ^^2 for caesium-caesium collisions, 0.41x10*®® cm® and 2.7x10*®® cm® for caesium-helium collisions, and 7 .6x10 *®! cm^ and 2.9x10*1^ cm® for caesium-xenon collisions respectively.The ratios of these cross sections agree well with the values predicted by the principle of detailed balancing except for the caesiumxenon collisions, where a shielding effect has been postulated to account for the discrepancy.ill

•Jan 1, 1965•0 citations

SENSITIZED FLUORESCENCE IN VAPORS OF ALKALI METALS: VII. ENERGY TRANSFER IN RUBIDIUM–CESIUM COLLISIONS

M. Czajkowski, D. A. McGillis, L. Krause

Sensitized fluorescence in cesium vapor induced by collisions with excited rubidium atoms was investigated in order to determine the total cross sections for inelastic collisions between excited rubidium atoms and cesium atoms in their ground states. The partial pressure of the rubidium vapor in the Rb–Cs mixture was kept below 2 × 10−5 mm Hg in order to eliminate effects due to the trapping of the Rb resonance radiation. The collision cross sections for the various excitation transfer processes are as follows: Q12′(Rb 5 2P1/2 → Cs 6 2P3/2) = 1.5 Å2; Q11′(Rb 5 2P1/2 → Cs 6 2P1/2) = 0.5 Å2; Q22′(Rb 5 2P3/2 → Cs 6 2P3/2) = 0.9 Å2; Q21′(Rb 5 2P3/2 → Cs 6 2P1/2) = 0.3 Å2. The fact that the cross sections are considerably smaller than those for collisions between similar atoms indicates that the Rb–Cs interactions probably involve van der Waals' forces with a much shorter range than exchange forces, which play a dominant role in Rb–Rb or Cs–Cs collisions.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Apr 1, 1966•18 citations

Sensitized fluorescence in zinc, induced in collisions with excited Hg atoms

M. Czajkowski, L. Krause

The transfer of excitation energy, induced in inelastic collisions between excited Hg atoms and ground state Zn atoms, was studied using methods of sensitized fluorescence. Hg atoms in a low density Hg–Zn mixture were excited with Hg 2537 Å resonance radiation to the 63P1 state, and interacted with the Zn atoms which became collisionally excited to the 43P1 state and then decayed emitting sensitized fluorescence. Measurements of relative intensities of Hg 2537 Å resonance fluorescence and Zn 3076 Å sensitized fluorescence yielded the cross section of 5.9 × 10−2 Å2 for Hg(63P1) → Zn(43P1) excitation transfer. The addition of small quantities of N2 to the Hg–Zn vapor mixture enhanced the efficiency of the transfer. The cross section for quenching of the Zn 43P1 state by collisions with N2 was found to be 0.19 Å2.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Mar 1, 1976•12 citations

Sensitized fluorescence in vapors of alkali metals. XI Energy transfer in potassium–rubidium collisions

E. S. Hrycyshyn, L. Krause

Sensitized fluorescence in rubidium vapor, induced by collisions with excited potassium atoms, was investigated to determine the total cross sections for inelastic collisions between excited potassium atoms and rubidium atoms in their ground states. The collision cross sections for the various excitation transfer processes are as follows: Q12′ (K42P1/2 → Rb52P3/2) = 40 Å2, Q22′ (K42P3/2 → Rb52P3/2) = 27 Å2, Q11′ (K42P1/2 → Rb52P1/2) = 2.7 Å2, and Q21′ (K42P3/2 → Rb52P1/2) = 1.9 Å2. The partial pressure of potassium vapor in the K–Rb mixture was kept largely below 10−5 mm Hg to eliminate effects due to the trapping of potassium resonance radiation.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Jan 15, 1969•15 citations
Collisional transfer of excitation energy from cadmium to caesium was investigated using methods of sensitized fluorescence. A mixture of cadmium and caesium vapors at low pressure was irradiated with Cd 3263.0 Å resonance radiation producing a population of Cd (53P1) atoms whose inelastic collisions with ground-state Cs atoms resulted in a transfer of excitation energy to a close-lying S, P, D and F states in caesium. The subsequent decay of these states manifested itself in the emission of sensitized fluorescence spectrum. Intensity measurements on the components of the spectrum by means of energy calibrated detector yielded some 50 cross-section values whose magnitudes range from 0.2 Å2 to 30.0 Å2 and which exhibit a pronounced resonances with ΔE the energy defect between Cd (53P1) and the appropriate level in caesium.
The transfer of excitation energy induced in inelastic collisions between excited Hg atoms and ground-state Cd atoms was studied using methods of sensitized fluorescence. Hg atoms in a low-density Hg–Cd vapor mixture were excited with Hg 2537 Å resonance radiation to the 63P1 state and interacted with the Cd atoms which became collisionally excited to the 53P1 state and subsequently decayed emitting sensitized fluorescence. Measurements of relative intensities of Hg 2537 Å resonance fluorescence and Cd 3261 Å sensitized fluorescence yielded the cross section Q(63P1 → 53P1) = 4.6 × 10−2 Å2. The efficiency of the excitation transfer was enhanced by the addition of small quantities of N2 to the Hg–Cd system. The cross section for quenching of the Cd 53P1 state by collisions with N2 was found to be 1.7 Å2.
Collisional transfer of excitation from mercury to sodium was investigated using methods of sensitized fluorescence. A mixture of mercury and sodium vapors at low pressure was irradiated with Hg 2537 Å resonance radiation, producing a population of Hg(63P1) atoms whose inelastic collisions with ground-state sodium atoms resulted in a transfer of excitation energy to close-lying S, P, and D states in sodium. The subsequent decay of these states manifested itself in the emission of a sensitized fluorescent spectrum. Absolute intensity measurements on the components of the spectrum yielded 21 cross sections whose magnitudes range from 0.02 to 38.5 Å2 and which exhibit a pronounced resonance with ΔE, the energy defect between Hg (63P1) and the appropriate level in sodium.
Collisions of the second kind between caesium and caesium, caesium and helium, and caesium and xenon atoms, leading to P p the transfer of excitation between the 6 6 P^yg states in caesium, have been investigated by studying the sensitized fluorescence in caesium vapor at pressures in the range 2x10*^ • 7x10*5 mm Hg and in vapor-inert gas mixtures.These low caesium densities, at which trapping of resonance radiation is virtually absent, were previously Inaccesible to such measurements.The use of a high intensity light source and an improved fluorescence cell in conjunction with a very sensitive detection system, permitted accurate measurements of extremely low fluorescent intensities.The total collision cross sections for the processes ô^P^yg -> and 6 %]^yg<r-G^P^yg equal 0.64x10*^^ cm® and 3.1x10*15 ^^2 for caesium-caesium collisions, 0.41x10*®® cm® and 2.7x10*®® cm® for caesium-helium collisions, and 7 .6x10 *®! cm^ and 2.9x10*1^ cm® for caesium-xenon collisions respectively.The ratios of these cross sections agree well with the values predicted by the principle of detailed balancing except for the caesiumxenon collisions, where a shielding effect has been postulated to account for the discrepancy.ill
Sensitized fluorescence in cesium vapor induced by collisions with excited rubidium atoms was investigated in order to determine the total cross sections for inelastic collisions between excited rubidium atoms and cesium atoms in their ground states. The partial pressure of the rubidium vapor in the Rb–Cs mixture was kept below 2 × 10−5 mm Hg in order to eliminate effects due to the trapping of the Rb resonance radiation. The collision cross sections for the various excitation transfer processes are as follows: Q12′(Rb 5 2P1/2 → Cs 6 2P3/2) = 1.5 Å2; Q11′(Rb 5 2P1/2 → Cs 6 2P1/2) = 0.5 Å2; Q22′(Rb 5 2P3/2 → Cs 6 2P3/2) = 0.9 Å2; Q21′(Rb 5 2P3/2 → Cs 6 2P1/2) = 0.3 Å2. The fact that the cross sections are considerably smaller than those for collisions between similar atoms indicates that the Rb–Cs interactions probably involve van der Waals' forces with a much shorter range than exchange forces, which play a dominant role in Rb–Rb or Cs–Cs collisions.
The transfer of excitation energy, induced in inelastic collisions between excited Hg atoms and ground state Zn atoms, was studied using methods of sensitized fluorescence. Hg atoms in a low density Hg–Zn mixture were excited with Hg 2537 Å resonance radiation to the 63P1 state, and interacted with the Zn atoms which became collisionally excited to the 43P1 state and then decayed emitting sensitized fluorescence. Measurements of relative intensities of Hg 2537 Å resonance fluorescence and Zn 3076 Å sensitized fluorescence yielded the cross section of 5.9 × 10−2 Å2 for Hg(63P1) → Zn(43P1) excitation transfer. The addition of small quantities of N2 to the Hg–Zn vapor mixture enhanced the efficiency of the transfer. The cross section for quenching of the Zn 43P1 state by collisions with N2 was found to be 0.19 Å2.
Sensitized fluorescence in rubidium vapor, induced by collisions with excited potassium atoms, was investigated to determine the total cross sections for inelastic collisions between excited potassium atoms and rubidium atoms in their ground states. The collision cross sections for the various excitation transfer processes are as follows: Q12′ (K42P1/2 → Rb52P3/2) = 40 Å2, Q22′ (K42P3/2 → Rb52P3/2) = 27 Å2, Q11′ (K42P1/2 → Rb52P1/2) = 2.7 Å2, and Q21′ (K42P3/2 → Rb52P1/2) = 1.9 Å2. The partial pressure of potassium vapor in the K–Rb mixture was kept largely below 10−5 mm Hg to eliminate effects due to the trapping of potassium resonance radiation.