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Il Nuovo cimento della Società italiana di fisica. B/Il Nuovo cimento B

Real successive measurements on unstable quantum systems take nonvanishing time intervals and do not prevent them from decaying

Marta C. Bunge, Andrés J. Kálnay

Published Sep 1, 1983• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02738414

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A multiple repeated measurement of the unstable state evolving in time is discussed. We show that there is no decay in the limit of continuous measurements and there is a purely exponential decay law in other cases. We also give formulae for the effective decay width in the cases of very short, intermediate, relatively long and very long time intervals separating successive measurements. Our results are compared with the Weisskopf-Wigner formula for weak decays. Based on our model of a measurement, we show that the decay width does not depend on properties of the real detectors in practice.
There are large discrepancies between the various estimates in the literature for the time interval below which the decay of a resonance may be significantly inhibited by monitoring. The disagreements arose because of our lack of knowledge of the detailed energy spectrum of the composite system undergoing decay. We emphasize here that for a large class of metastable systems the problem can be reduced to essentially kinematical considerations independent of the details of the spectrum, and point out that certain monitoring procedure can prevent even a free wave packet from spreading. If the proton is unstable, its decay will not be significantly suppressed unless the monitoring interval is shorter than 10−23 s.