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Secret key agreement for cooperative wireless communications: bounds and efficient protocol design

Ning Wang, Ning Zhang, Thomas Aaron Gulliver

Published Dec 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study practical information-theoretically secure secret key agreement protocol design for wireless cooperative communication networks. By assuming the relay selection process is finished in advance, we study the key agreement problem for a classical three-node cooperative wireless communication system over independent additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Passive attacks from an eavesdropper collocated with the relay are assumed. We derive upper and lower bounds on the secret key rate under the assumed cooperative wireless system model and find that they are close, which indicates the tightness of the bounds. We then propose an efficient practical secret key agreement protocol with both Bob and the honest relay participating in the public discussion. A compromise between security and efficiency is achieved by the joint advantage distillation and privacy amplification.

DOI
10.1109/glocom.2012.6503481

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We study practical information-theoretically secure secret key agreement protocol design for wireless cooperative communication networks. By assuming the relay selection process is finished in advance, we study the key agreement problem for a classical three-node cooperative wireless communication system over independent additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Passive attacks from an eavesdropper collocated with the relay are assumed. We derive upper and lower bounds on the secret key rate under the assumed cooperative wireless system model and find that they are close, which indicates the tightness of the bounds. We then propose an efficient practical secret key agreement protocol with both Bob and the honest relay participating in the public discussion. A compromise between security and efficiency is achieved by the joint advantage distillation and privacy amplification.
In this paper, we investigate the design of a practical information-theoretically secure secret key agreement protocol for a cooperative wireless network employing standard modulation. Assuming relay selection has been completed, the key agreement problem is studied in a three-node cooperative wireless communication system over block-fading channels. Passive attacks from an eavesdropper collocated with the relay are considered. We derive upper and lower bounds on the secret key rate of this cooperative wireless system. The difference between the bounds is shown to be small for practical communication scenarios, which indicates they are tight. We then propose a practical secret key agreement protocol for this system with both the communicants and the honest relay participating in the public discussion. The tradeoff between security and protocol efficiency is considered in the joint design of advantage distillation, information reconciliation, and privacy amplification. The protocol parameters are optimized to achieve the tight bound on the secret key rate.
Information-theoretic secrecy is combined with cryptographic secrecy to create a secret-key exchange protocol for wireless networks. A network of transmitters, which already have cryptographically secured channels between them, cooperate to exchange a secret key with a new receiver at a random location, in the presence of passive eavesdroppers at unknown locations. Two spatial point processes, homogeneous Poisson process and independent uniformly distributed points, are used for the spatial distributions of transmitters and eavesdroppers. We analyse the impact of the number of cooperating transmitters and the number of eavesdroppers on the area fraction where secure communication is possible. Upper bounds on the probability of existence of positive secrecy between the cooperating transmitters and the receiver are derived. The closeness of the upper bounds to the real value is then estimated by means of numerical simulations. Simulations also indicate that a deterministic spatial distribution for the transmitters, for example, hexagonal and square lattices, increases the probability of existence of positive secrecy capacity compared to the random spatial distributions. For the same number of friendly nodes, cooperative transmitting provides a dramatically larger secrecy region than cooperative jamming and cooperative relaying.
This paper investigates the role of user cooperation in facilitating secure wireless communications. In particular, the four-terminal relay-eavesdropper channel is introduced and analyzed. Several cooperation strategies are devised and the corresponding achievable rate-equivocation region are characterized. Of particular interest is the novel Noise-Forwarding (NF) strategy, where the relay node sends codewords independent of the source message to confuse the eavesdropper. This strategy is used to illustrate the deaf helper phenomenon, where the relay is able to facilitate secure communications while being totally ignorant of the transmitted messages. Furthermore, NF is shown to increase the perfect secrecy rate in the reversely degraded scenario, where the relay node fails to offer performance gains in the classical setting. The gain offered by the proposed cooperation strategies is then proved theoretically and validated numerically in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
We consider a group of m trusted nodes that aim to create a shared secret key K, using a state-dependent wireless broadcast channel that exists from one of the honest nodes to the rest of the nodes including a passive eavesdropper Eve. All of the trusted nodes can also discuss over a cost-free and unlimited rate public channel which is also observed by Eve. For this setup, we develop an information-theoretically secure secret key agreement protocol. We show the optimality of this protocol for linear deterministic wireless broadcast channels as well as in the high-SNR regime for wireless channels with large dynamic range over channel states.
It is known that noise on communication channels can be a powerful resource for certain cryptographic purposes, basically by utilizing the randomness to ensure the secrecy. In this paper, we study information theoretically secure key agreement through the use of the additive white Gaussian noise channel and public discussion. We present a protocol for key agreement that defines the computation and communications between the two communicating parties to share a common secret information, about which negligible amount of information is revealed to other third parties. We discuss the signal design, secrecy and the achievable rate of the protocol.
This paper establishes the utility of user cooperation in facilitating secure wireless communications. In particular, the four-terminal relay–eavesdropper channel is introduced and an outer-bound on the optimal rate-equivocation region is derived. Several cooperation strategies are then devised and the corresponding achievable rate-equivocation region are characterized. Of particular interest is the novel noise-forwarding (NF) strategy, where the relay node sends codewords independent of the source message to confuse the eavesdropper. This strategy is used to illustrate the deaf helper phenomenon, where the relay is able to facilitate secure communications while being totally ignorant of the transmitted messages. Furthermore, NF is shown to increase the secrecy capacity in the reversely degraded scenario, where the relay node fails to offer performance gains in the classical setting. The gain offered by the proposed cooperation strategies is then proved theoretically and validated numerically in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.