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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Interference stabilization of Rydberg atoms: numerical calculations and physical models

Mikhail Vladimirovich Fedorov, M-M Tehranchi, S M Fedorov

Published Jul 14, 1996• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Interference stabilization of atoms is investigated numerically. Raman-type transitions to Rydberg states with higher values of the electron orbital momentum are taken into account. These transitions are shown to change qualitatively theoretical predictions concerning the dependence of the time of ionization on the light-field-strength amplitude : if the weak-field time of ionization, as usual, is a falling function of , in a strong-field region the function is predicted to be more or less constant and of the order of the classical Kepler period in a rather large interval of , in contrast with the earlier prediction according to which, in a strong field, was assumed to be a rather fast growing function. The results derived are shown to be in a rather good agreement with the existing experiments. Alternative theoretical models are discussed.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/29/13/024

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Interference stabilization of atoms is investigated numerically. Raman-type transitions to Rydberg states with higher values of the electron orbital momentum are taken into account. These transitions are shown to change qualitatively theoretical predictions concerning the dependence of the time of ionization on the light-field-strength amplitude : if the weak-field time of ionization, as usual, is a falling function of , in a strong-field region the function is predicted to be more or less constant and of the order of the classical Kepler period in a rather large interval of , in contrast with the earlier prediction according to which, in a strong field, was assumed to be a rather fast growing function. The results derived are shown to be in a rather good agreement with the existing experiments. Alternative theoretical models are discussed.
Interference stabilization of atoms is discussed. Raman-type transitions to Rydberg states with higher values of the electron orbital momentum l are taken into account in numerical calculations. These transitions are shown to change qualitatively theoretical predictions concerning the dependence of the time of ionization ti on the light field-strength amplitude (epsilon) 0: the time of ionization is shown to be a falling function of (epsilon) 0 in the weak-field region and, then, in a rather large interval of (epsilon) 0, to be approximately constant. The results derived are shown to be in a rather good agreement with the existing experiments.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Photoionization of Rydberg atoms is considered in the framework of the quasiclassical (WKB) approach. Distribution of the photoelectron density in space and time is found and analyzed. This distribution is shown to consist of two main parts: the temporary population, which exists only as long as the light field is on; and the population corresponding to irreversible ionization. The irreversible-ionization wave packets are shown to experience the effect referred to as Coulomb narrowing. An origin of this effect and the conditions of its existence are discussed. In a strong field, rather simple analytical expressions are found for the partial probabilities of above-threshold ionization and for the total probability of ionization. In contrast to many earlier works, in the present theory neither the rotating-wave nor ``pole'' approximations are used, and the results are derived for an arbitrary pulse shape. Strong-field interference stabilization of Rydberg atoms is confirmed to occur at pulse durations shorter than the Kepler period. The arising regimes of interference stabilization are analyzed in comparison with the predictions of earlier works.
Excitation and photoionization of Rydberg wave packets are described. Interference of bound-free transitions from many coherently populated Rydberg levels is shown to affect the dependence of the photoionization probability on the duration of interaction. Strong-field interference effects in such a system are described also. The most important of these is the field-induced interference stabilization of Rydberg atoms in a strong ionizing field. The intensity range in which this effect can exist is determined. The results derived are used for a qualitative model describing supercontinuum emission in the process of multiphoton ionization.
Interference stabilization of Rydberg atoms in a sufficiently strong laser field is revisited. Its main features predicted theoretically and observed experimentally are described together with the newest experimental and theoretical results. The most important new results concern the found efficient population of atomic Rydberg levels in the process of multiphoton ionization and interference stabilization of population at Rydberg levels. Another important new topic is the interference stabilization at vibrational levels of dissociating molecules.
A mechanism of strong-field continuum-interference stabilization of atoms is proposed. Stabilization is assumed to arise owing to interference of different-order continuum-continuum and bound-continuum transitions. In the framework of perturbation theory the threshold of stabilization is estimated qualitatively, and the estimates are shown to be in a reasonably good agreement with existing experimental data and the results of numerical simulations. The considered mechanism clarifies the physics of adiabatic stabilization at ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}{/a}_{\mathrm{at}}<1.$
The phenomenon of interference stabilization of Rydberg atoms is studied. The residual probability W res of finding an atom in bound (Rydberg) states and the threshold of stabilization V thr are calculated in their dependence on the pulse duration τ (for pulses with smooth envelopes). At τ longer than the Kepler period t K , both W res (τ) and V thr (τ) are shown to oscillate with approximately the Kepler period. At τ < t K (the case often referred to as transient stabilization), the threshold of stabilization V thr (τ) is shown to be a growing function of a decreasing pulse duration τ. Transient stabilization is shown to be explained by the same physical reasons as interference stabilization, and this implies that the concept of interference stabilization can be used in both limits of long and short pulses.