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Frontiers in Optics

Phase contribution to the dynamic population gratings recorded in rare-earth doped optical fibers

Serguei I. Stepanov, E. Hernández, Patrice Mégret, Andrei A. Fotiadi

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Phase contributions to population dynamic gratings in Er-doped (in spectral region 1480-1570nm) and Yb -doped (at wavelength 1064nm) single -mode optical fibers were detected and characterized using two-wave mixing of phase modulated cw mW -scale recording waves.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2007.jsua19

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Dynamics of the population grating formation in erbium-doped fibers

Eduardo Hernández, Liliana O. Martínez-Martínez, Serguei I. Stepanov

"Experimental results on formation dynamics of population gratings in erbium-doped fiber (EDF) investigated via two-wave mixing (TWM) are reported. It is shown that at all three utilized essentially different recording wavelengths 1492, 1526 and 1568nm the transient TWM response in EDF with low erbium concentration (¼ 640 ppm) has the characteristic rate significantly larger than that of the population of the Er3+ meta-stable level evaluated from the fluorescence dynamics. Additionally in EDF with high erbium concentration (¼ 5600 ppm) the TWM response is faster (even at low recording power) and the relative TWM amplitude is lower than that in EDF with low concentration. General increase of the TWM response rate is explained by contribution of a transient decrease of the fiber average absorption level, while above-mentioned differences observed in heavily doped EDF - by spatial migration of the excited states. The spectral dependence of the later effect is attributed to the difference in the absorption/emission cross-section ratio of the Er3+ ions at the utilized wavelengths."

Revista Mexicana de Física•Dec 1, 2015•1 citation
Dynamic population Bragg gratings can be recorded in the rare-earth-doped (e.g. doped with erbium or ytterbium) optical fibers with mWatt-scale cw laser power. Two-wave mixing (TWM) via such gratings is utilized in single-frequency fiber lasers and in adaptive interferometric fiber sensors with automatic stabilization of the operation point. Slow and fast light propagation can also be observed in the vicinity of narrow (~20-200Hz) spectral profile of stationary no-degenerate TWM. In particular, slow light propagation is observed for the purely amplitude grating, recorded in the erbium-doped fiber in spectral range 1510-1550nm. In its turn, in ytterbium-doped fibers at 1064nm (or in erbium-doped fiber at the wavelength below 1500nm) the dynamic grating has significant contribution of the phase component, the TWM profile has essentially asymmetric form, and both slow and fast (superluminal) light propagation is possible at different frequency off-sets between the counter-propagating interacting waves.
Results of investigation of transient two-wave mixing via dynamic population gratings in Yb-doped fibers with saturable absorption are reported. The recorded gratings are characterized by submillisecond formation times and at wavelength lambda = 1064 nm need cw recording light power of 1 - 10 mW scale. What is important for different applications, the dynamic gratings were found to be predominantly of a phase type with an admixture of a significantly weaker amplitude component only. As in Er-doped fibers, the amplitude grating component proved to be essentially inferior to the theoretical estimation based on the fiber optical density and saturation power.
"Experimental results on formation dynamics of population gratings in erbium-doped fiber (EDF) investigated via two-wave mixing (TWM) are reported. It is shown that at all three utilized essentially different recording wavelengths 1492, 1526 and 1568nm the transient TWM response in EDF with low erbium concentration (¼ 640 ppm) has the characteristic rate significantly larger than that of the population of the Er3+ meta-stable level evaluated from the fluorescence dynamics. Additionally in EDF with high erbium concentration (¼ 5600 ppm) the TWM response is faster (even at low recording power) and the relative TWM amplitude is lower than that in EDF with low concentration. General increase of the TWM response rate is explained by contribution of a transient decrease of the fiber average absorption level, while above-mentioned differences observed in heavily doped EDF - by spatial migration of the excited states. The spectral dependence of the later effect is attributed to the difference in the absorption/emission cross-section ratio of the Er3+ ions at the utilized wavelengths."