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Quantum and Semiclassical Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Spatiotemporal dynamics of dressed broad-area lasers

Jordi García‐Ojalvo, M. C. Torrent, Ramon A. Vilaseca

Published Dec 1, 1998• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyse the spatiotemporal dynamics of a broad-area two-level laser in the presence of a dressing field which is coupled to an adjacent transition. The dressing field induces Rabi splitting on one of the energy levels of the laser transition, which modifies the traditional scenario of pattern formation in two-level lasers. In particular, it is observed that phase rolls appear for any sign of the cavity detuning, and that two travelling-wave patterns with different wavenumbers can coexist near the threshold for a certain range of detuning values. Reciprocally, it can be seen that the spatial dynamics alters the standard framework of electromagnetically induced gain splitting.

DOI
10.1088/1355-5111/10/6/013

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We analyse the spatiotemporal dynamics of a broad-area two-level laser in the presence of a dressing field which is coupled to an adjacent transition. The dressing field induces Rabi splitting on one of the energy levels of the laser transition, which modifies the traditional scenario of pattern formation in two-level lasers. In particular, it is observed that phase rolls appear for any sign of the cavity detuning, and that two travelling-wave patterns with different wavenumbers can coexist near the threshold for a certain range of detuning values. Reciprocally, it can be seen that the spatial dynamics alters the standard framework of electromagnetically induced gain splitting.
Two-level and Raman lasers with wide-gain sections undergo spontaneous symmetry breaking beyond the first laser threshold resulting in an off-axis emission that, if stable, would correspond to a ring in the far field. The angle subtended by the emission to the laser axis depends on the laser detuning, polarization decay time, and size of the laser cross-section. Optical vortices, propagating fronts, and complex spatio–temporal patterns are predicted to emerge at the first and second thresholds. The intensity dependent detuning and pump laser transverse profile in the Raman laser offers a fascinating array of pattern forming possibilities involving coexisting dark and bright waves. When the polarization decays much faster than the cavity field and medium inversion, one usually adiabatically eliminates this variable from the Maxwell-Bloch equations. Inclusion of transverse effects in this limit, however, leads to spurious transverse instabilities that can be mistaken for numerical grid oscillations. Decoupling of the polarization variable from the electric field allows arbitrarily high transverse wavenumbers to grow.
We analyze the effect of injected atomic coherence on transverse patterns of a broad area laser by means of the semiclassical two-level Maxwell-Bloch equations. A single longitudinal mode is considered. The injected atomic coherence forces a spatially homogeneous profile to appear and locks the field phase to a single value. Above a pump threshold value a very rich scenario of patterns is developed. Near threshold we find stationary patterns such as rhombic and hexagonal lattices. Well above threshold nonstationary patterns such as complex highly ordered vortex lattices traveling along the cross section, and nearly traveling waves appear.
Transverse effects in the laser dynamics due to near dipole-dipole interactions are studied considering the presence of permanent electric dipole moments. The semiclassical two-level Maxwell-Bloch equations are used and a single longitudinal mode is assumed. A traveling wave is selected at threshold when the sum of the cavity detuning and the near dipole-dipole parameter is larger than zero. As a consequence of this, transverse pattern can occur even when the laser frequency is larger than the frequency of the atomic transition. Also, a cutoff in the laser field spectrum arises. We found that the near dipole-dipole interactions significantly modify the stability picture of the traveling waves. Numerical simulations have been carried out and the effect of the near dipole-dipole on the pattern formation is addressed.
Summary form only given. It is well known that in dense media the effective field acting on an atom/molecule is no longer the macroscopic field but the so-called local field, which is due to all external sources and to all dipole moments of the atoms/molecules within the sample except the one under consideration. The inclusion of the local field effects gives rise to the prediction of a large number of interesting phenomena in optical systems, such as spectral red shifts, mirrorless optical bistability, "piezophotonic" effects, and enhancement of inversionless gain and absorptionless index in lasing without inversion. As an example, a density of 10/sup 17/ atoms/cm/sup 3/ of sodium atoms is sufficient to give rise to a shift of about 1 GHz of the sodium D line. We analyze here the role of the local field effects on the spatiotemporal dynamics of broad-area homogeneously broadened three-level lasers. In these three-level systems, laser emission in one atomic transition is investigated while an external plane-wave driving laser couples an adjacent transition. Due to the interplay between atomic nonlinearities and light diffraction, the optical wavevector of the generated laser field develops a small component in the transverse plane, i.e., the emitted laser beam is slightly tilted with respect to the cavity-axis.
We investigate the interplay of multiwave-mixing processes with the microscopically coupled spatiotemporal light field and charge carrier dynamics in broad-area semiconductor laser amplifiers. Our theoretical description is based on extended spatially resolved Maxwell-Bloch equations including on the microscopic level spatiotemporal multiwave-mixing processes. Performing a third-order expansion in terms of the microscopic carrier distribution, we include in our description both the effects of population pulsations of the total carrier density at the beat frequency and the spatiospectral interactions of the light fields leading to gain nonlinearities as well as spatial and spectral hole burning. Our simulations show that in a broad-area semiconductor laser amplifier, spatiotemporal wave-mixing processes occur in both transverse and propagation directions of the multifrequency optical beams employed in a typical excite-probe configuration.