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Physical Review Letters

Near dipole-dipole effects in lasing without inversion: An enhancement of gain and absorptionless index of refraction

Jonathan P. Dowling, Charles M. Bowden

Published Mar 8, 1993• 113 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We include the effect of density-dependent near dipole-dipole interactions in order to generalize the theory of a simple three-level system that exhibits lasing without inversion and an enhanced index of refraction at zero absorption. For certain values of atomic density, our generalized theory predicts a novel enhancement of inversionless gain and absorptionless index by more than 2 orders of magnitude.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.70.1421

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We include the effect of density-dependent near dipole-dipole interactions in order to generalize the theory of a simple three-level system that exhibits lasing without inversion and an enhanced index of refraction at zero absorption. For certain values of atomic density, our generalized theory predicts a novel enhancement of inversionless gain and absorptionless index by more than 2 orders of magnitude.
We review the effects of density dependent near dipole-dipole, or local field, interactions on lasing without inversion. In particular, we consider the nonlinear behaviour of the macroscopic electric susceptibility of a dense, coherently prepared, three-level Lambda system. For certain values of the atomic density, we observe enhancement of the absorptionless index of refraction and inversionless gain by more than two orders of magnitude. We also predict a piezophotonic switching effect whereby a small change in density induces the system to flip from a strong absorber into a local field enhanced inversionless amplifier.
It is well known that, for static fields, the local microscopic electric field EL, that couples to the atomic dipole moment p, is related to the macroscopic field E and volume polarization P, in a dense dielectric medium, by the Lorentz-Lorenz (LL) relation.1 For dense media, this relation implies a nonlinear relationship between the microscopic molecular polarizability α and the macroscopic susceptibility χ, for a material volume density N. The LL relation also holds for arbitrary time-dependent fields in a nonlinear medium.2 What this implies is that all of quantum optics that uses an external electric field rather than the local field is internally inconsistent and will yield only approximate results for an optically dense medium. We consider the effect of the local field interaction on a simple three-level A system predicted to exhibit lasing without inversion and a high index of refraction at zero absorption.3 A threshold transition allows us to choose a value of this parameter that enhances inversionless gain and absorptionless dispersion by at least two orders of magnitude over that foundin usual lasing without inversion.4