Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Stationary State of Integrable Systems in Matrix Product Form

Tomohiro Sasamoto, Miki Wadati

Published Sep 15, 1997• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Proposed is a method to construct a stationary state of one-dimensional integrable systems in the form of products of matrices. This is a generalization of the so-called “matrix product ansatz (MPA)”. The key idea is that the matrices are chosen to constitute the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra (ZF-algebra) for the R-matrix and the K-matrix, which are the solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation (YBE) and the reflection equation (RE). It is shown that a matrix product state gives a simultaneous stationary state of commuting operators which are expressed in terms of the R-matrices and the K-matrices. As an example, a solution for the isotropic Heisenberg spin chain with non-diagonal boundary fields is given. The connection to the conventional MPA is clarified. Applications to other models and the relationship to the algebraic Bethe ansatz (ABA) are also discussed.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.66.2618

Related papers

The Matrix Product Ansatz for integrable U(1)N models in Lunin-Maldacena backgrounds

Matheus J. Lazo

We obtain through a Matrix Product Ansatz (MPA) the exact solution of the most general N-state spin chain with U(1)N symmetry and nearest neighbour interaction. In the case N = 6 this model contain as a special case the integrable SO(6) spin chain related to the one loop mixing matrix for anomalous dimensions in N =4 SYM, dual to type IIB string theory in the generalised Lunin-Maldacena backgrounds. This MPA is construct by a map between scalar fields and abstract operators that satisfy an appropriate associative algebra. We analyses the Yang-Baxter equation in the N = 3 sector and the consistence of the algebraic relations among the matrices defining the MPA and find a new class of exactly integrable model unknown up to now.

•Jan 1, 2008•2 citations

The Matrix Product Ansatz for integrable U(1)N models in Lunin-Maldacena backgrounds

Matheus J. Lazo

We obtain through a Matrix Product Ansatz (MPA) the exact solution of the most general N-state spin chain with U(1)N symmetry and nearest neighbour interaction. In the case N = 6 this model contain as a special case the integrable SO(6) spin chain related to the one loop mixing matrix for anomalous dimensions in N = 4 SYM, dual to type IIB string theory in the generalised Lunin-Maldacena backgrounds. This MPA is construct by a map between scalar fields and abstract operators that satisfy an appropriate associative algebra. We analyses the Yang-Baxter equation in the N = 3 sector and the consistence of the algebraic relations among the matrices defining the MPA and find a new class of exactly integrable model unknown up to now.

arXiv:0802.3802•Brazilian Journal of Physics•Jun 1, 2008•2 citations

Exact solutions of exactly integrable quantum chains by a matrix product ansatz

Francisco Castilho Alcaraz, Matheus J. Lazo

Most of the exact solutions of quantum one-dimensional Hamiltonians are obtained thanks to the success of the Bethe ansatz on its several formulations. According to this ansatz, the amplitudes of the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian are given by a sum of permutations of appropriate plane waves. In this paper, alternatively, we present a matrix product ansatz that asserts that those amplitudes are given in terms of a matrix product. The eigenvalue equation for the Hamiltonian defines the algebraic properties of the matrices defining the amplitudes. The consistency of the commutativity relations among the elements of the algebra implies the exact integrability of the model. The matrix product ansatz we propose allows an unified and simple formulation of several exact integrable Hamiltonians. In order to introduce and illustrate this ansatz we present the exact solutions of several quantum chains with one and two global conservation laws and periodic boundaries such as the XXZ chain, spin-1 Fateev–Zamolodchikov model, Izergin–Korepin model, Sutherland model, t – J model, Hubbard model, etc. Formulation of the matrix product ansatz for quantum chains with open ends is also possible. As an illustration we present the exact solution of an extended XXZ chain with z -magnetic fields at the surface and arbitrary hard-core exclusion among the spins.

arXiv:cond-mat/0312373•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•Mar 23, 2004•50 citations

The Bethe ansatz as a matrix product ansatz

Francisco Castilho Alcaraz, Matheus J. Lazo

The Bethe ansatz in its several formulations is a common tool for the exact solution of one-dimensional quantum Hamiltonians. This ansatz asserts that several eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonians are given in terms of a sum of permutations of plane waves. We present results that induce us to expect that, alternatively, the eigenfunctions of all the exact integrable quantum chains can also be expressed by a matrix product ansatz. In this ansatz several components of the eigenfunctions are obtained through the algebraic properties of properly defined matrices. This ansatz allows an unified formulation of several exact integrable Hamiltonians. We show how to formulate this ansatz for a large family of quantum chains such as the anisotropic Heisenberg model, Fateev–Zamolodchikov model, Izergin–Korepin model, Sutherland model, t – J model, Hubbard model, etc.

arXiv:cond-mat/0304170•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•Dec 9, 2003•50 citations

Functional relations and the Yang-Baxter algebra

W. Galléas

Functional equations methods are a fundamental part of the theory of Exactly Solvable Models in Statistical Mechanics and they are intimately connected with Baxter's concept of commuting transfer matrices. This concept has culminated in the celebrated Yang-Baxter equation which plays a fundamental role for the construction of quantum integrable systems and also for obtaining their exact solution. Here I shall discuss a proposal that has been put forward in the past years, in which the Yang-Baxter algebra is viewed as a source of functional equations describing quantities of physical interest. For instance, this method has been successfully applied for the description of the spectrum of open spin chains, partition functions of elliptic models with domain wall boundaries and scalar product of Bethe vectors. Further applications of this method are also discussed.

arXiv:1312.6816•Journal of Physics Conference Series•Nov 29, 2013•8 citations

An integrabilist approach of out-of-equilibrium statistical physics models

Matthieu Vanicat

In the first part of the thesis we construct models, called integrable, in which we can perform exact computations of physical quantities. We introduce several new out-of-equilibrium models that are obtained by solving, in specific cases, the Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation. We provide new algebraic structures which allow us to construct the solutions through a Baxterisation procedure. In the second part of the thesis we compute exactly the stationary state of these models using a matrix ansatz. We shed light on the connection between this technique and the integrability of the model by pointing out two key relations: the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev relation and the Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov relation. The integrability is also exploited, through the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, to compute the fluctuations of the particles current, unrevealing connections with the theory of symmetric polynomials (the Koornwinder polynomials in particular). Finally the last part of the thesis deals with the hydrodynamic limit of the models, i.e when the lattice spacing tends to zero and the number of particles tends to infinity. The exact results obtained for a finite size system allow us to check the validity of the predictions of the macroscopic fluctuations theory (concerning the fluctuations of the current and the density profile in the stationary state) and to extend the theory to systems with several species of particles.

arXiv:1708.02440•Aug 8, 2017•3 citations
Proposed is a method to construct a stationary state of one-dimensional integrable systems in the form of products of matrices. This is a generalization of the so-called “matrix product ansatz (MPA)”. The key idea is that the matrices are chosen to constitute the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra (ZF-algebra) for the R-matrix and the K-matrix, which are the solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation (YBE) and the reflection equation (RE). It is shown that a matrix product state gives a simultaneous stationary state of commuting operators which are expressed in terms of the R-matrices and the K-matrices. As an example, a solution for the isotropic Heisenberg spin chain with non-diagonal boundary fields is given. The connection to the conventional MPA is clarified. Applications to other models and the relationship to the algebraic Bethe ansatz (ABA) are also discussed.
We obtain through a Matrix Product Ansatz (MPA) the exact solution of the most general N-state spin chain with U(1)N symmetry and nearest neighbour interaction. In the case N = 6 this model contain as a special case the integrable SO(6) spin chain related to the one loop mixing matrix for anomalous dimensions in N =4 SYM, dual to type IIB string theory in the generalised Lunin-Maldacena backgrounds. This MPA is construct by a map between scalar fields and abstract operators that satisfy an appropriate associative algebra. We analyses the Yang-Baxter equation in the N = 3 sector and the consistence of the algebraic relations among the matrices defining the MPA and find a new class of exactly integrable model unknown up to now.
We obtain through a Matrix Product Ansatz (MPA) the exact solution of the most general N-state spin chain with U(1)N symmetry and nearest neighbour interaction. In the case N = 6 this model contain as a special case the integrable SO(6) spin chain related to the one loop mixing matrix for anomalous dimensions in N = 4 SYM, dual to type IIB string theory in the generalised Lunin-Maldacena backgrounds. This MPA is construct by a map between scalar fields and abstract operators that satisfy an appropriate associative algebra. We analyses the Yang-Baxter equation in the N = 3 sector and the consistence of the algebraic relations among the matrices defining the MPA and find a new class of exactly integrable model unknown up to now.
Most of the exact solutions of quantum one-dimensional Hamiltonians are obtained thanks to the success of the Bethe ansatz on its several formulations. According to this ansatz, the amplitudes of the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian are given by a sum of permutations of appropriate plane waves. In this paper, alternatively, we present a matrix product ansatz that asserts that those amplitudes are given in terms of a matrix product. The eigenvalue equation for the Hamiltonian defines the algebraic properties of the matrices defining the amplitudes. The consistency of the commutativity relations among the elements of the algebra implies the exact integrability of the model. The matrix product ansatz we propose allows an unified and simple formulation of several exact integrable Hamiltonians. In order to introduce and illustrate this ansatz we present the exact solutions of several quantum chains with one and two global conservation laws and periodic boundaries such as the XXZ chain, spin-1 Fateev–Zamolodchikov model, Izergin–Korepin model, Sutherland model, t – J model, Hubbard model, etc. Formulation of the matrix product ansatz for quantum chains with open ends is also possible. As an illustration we present the exact solution of an extended XXZ chain with z -magnetic fields at the surface and arbitrary hard-core exclusion among the spins.
The Bethe ansatz in its several formulations is a common tool for the exact solution of one-dimensional quantum Hamiltonians. This ansatz asserts that several eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonians are given in terms of a sum of permutations of plane waves. We present results that induce us to expect that, alternatively, the eigenfunctions of all the exact integrable quantum chains can also be expressed by a matrix product ansatz. In this ansatz several components of the eigenfunctions are obtained through the algebraic properties of properly defined matrices. This ansatz allows an unified formulation of several exact integrable Hamiltonians. We show how to formulate this ansatz for a large family of quantum chains such as the anisotropic Heisenberg model, Fateev–Zamolodchikov model, Izergin–Korepin model, Sutherland model, t – J model, Hubbard model, etc.
Functional equations methods are a fundamental part of the theory of Exactly Solvable Models in Statistical Mechanics and they are intimately connected with Baxter's concept of commuting transfer matrices. This concept has culminated in the celebrated Yang-Baxter equation which plays a fundamental role for the construction of quantum integrable systems and also for obtaining their exact solution. Here I shall discuss a proposal that has been put forward in the past years, in which the Yang-Baxter algebra is viewed as a source of functional equations describing quantities of physical interest. For instance, this method has been successfully applied for the description of the spectrum of open spin chains, partition functions of elliptic models with domain wall boundaries and scalar product of Bethe vectors. Further applications of this method are also discussed.
In the first part of the thesis we construct models, called integrable, in which we can perform exact computations of physical quantities. We introduce several new out-of-equilibrium models that are obtained by solving, in specific cases, the Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation. We provide new algebraic structures which allow us to construct the solutions through a Baxterisation procedure. In the second part of the thesis we compute exactly the stationary state of these models using a matrix ansatz. We shed light on the connection between this technique and the integrability of the model by pointing out two key relations: the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev relation and the Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov relation. The integrability is also exploited, through the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, to compute the fluctuations of the particles current, unrevealing connections with the theory of symmetric polynomials (the Koornwinder polynomials in particular). Finally the last part of the thesis deals with the hydrodynamic limit of the models, i.e when the lattice spacing tends to zero and the number of particles tends to infinity. The exact results obtained for a finite size system allow us to check the validity of the predictions of the macroscopic fluctuations theory (concerning the fluctuations of the current and the density profile in the stationary state) and to extend the theory to systems with several species of particles.