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Physical Review A

Lifetime calculations for the 5s5pP23 metastable level of Sr88I

Yong Liu, Martin Andersson, Tomas Brage, Yaming Zou, R. Hutton

Published Jan 18, 2007• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a large scale calculation concerning the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S$ and $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1,3}P$ levels in $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}I$, using multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock methods. Our focus is on the $^{3}P_{2}$ meta-stable level, which has been shown to be extremely useful in atom cooling and trapping experiments. The lifetime for this level from our work $(1071\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}s)$ agrees very well with a previous theoretical value, but not with the available experimental value $({520}_{\ensuremath{-}140}^{+310}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}s)$. The results for all the transitions between the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S$ and $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1,3}P$ levels and within the $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1,3}P$ terms are also given.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.014502

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We report on a large scale calculation concerning the 5s(2) S-1 and 5s5p P-1,P-3 levels in Sr-88 I, using multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock methods. Our focus is on the P-3(2) meta-stable level, which has been shown to be extremely useful in atom cooling and trapping experiments. The lifetime for this level from our work (1071 s) agrees very well with a previous theoretical value, but not with the available experimental value (520(-140)(+310)s). The results for all the transitions between the 5s2 1S and 5s5p P-1,P-3 levels and within the 5s5p P-1,P-3 terms are also given.
We report three-stage laser cooling of Sr atoms using the 5s21S05{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}5s21S0​ ground state and the 5s5p3P25s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}5s5p3P2​ metastable state. 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}87Sr atoms are precooled in a magneto-optical trap simultaneously operated on the 5s21S05{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}5s21S0​--5s5p1P15s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}P_{1}5s5p1P1​ transition at 461 nm and on the 5s5p3P25s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}5s5p3P2​--5s5d3D35s5d\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}D_{3}5s5d3D3​ transition at 496 nm. Atoms optically pumped to the 5s5p3P2(F=13/2)5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}(F=13/2)5s5p3P2​(F=13/2) state are magneto-optically trapped and cooled down to 2.5(2) $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ on the 5s5p3P25s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}5s5p3P2​--5s4d3D35s4d\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}D_{3}5s4d3D3​ transition at $2.9\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. Using this transition, we investigate one dimensional polarization gradient cooling of 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr atoms, which have simple energy levels without hyperfine structure, down to 0.22(18) $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ or 17 times the recoil temperature. We discuss prospects for continuous generation of ultracold Sr atoms combined with a state transfer technique.
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Hyperfine quenching rates of the lowest-energy metastable 3P0^{3}P_{0}3P0​ and 3P2^{3}P_{2}3P2​ states of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Yb atoms are computed. The calculations are carried out using ab initio relativistic many-body methods. The computed lifetimes may be useful for designing novel ultraprecise optical clocks and trapping experiments with the 3P2^{3}P_{2}3P2​ fermionic isotopes. The resulting natural widths of the $^{3}P_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{1}S_{0}$ clock transition are 0.44mHz0.44\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}0.44mHz for 25Mg^{25}\mathrm{Mg}25Mg, 2.2mHz2.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}2.2mHz for 43Ca^{43}\mathrm{Ca}43Ca, 7.6mHz7.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}7.6mHz for 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}87Sr, 43.5mHz43.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}43.5mHz for 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb, and 38.5mHz38.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}38.5mHz for 173Yb^{173}\mathrm{Yb}173Yb. Compared to the bosonic isotopes, the lifetime of the 3P2^{3}P_{2}3P2​ states in fermionic isotopes is noticeably shortened by the hyperfine quenching but still remains long enough for trapping experiments.
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