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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Exact propagator for a time−dependent harmonic oscillator with and without a singular perturbation

Dinkar C. Khandekar, S. V. Lawande

Published Feb 1, 1975• 131 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By using Feynman’s definition of a path integral, exact propagators for a time−dependent harmonic oscillator with and without an inverse quadratic potential have been evaluated. It is shown that these propagators depend only on the solutions of the classical unperturbed oscillator. The relations between these propagators, the invariants, and the Schrödinger equation are also discussed.

DOI
10.1063/1.522511

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By using Feynman’s definition of a path integral, exact propagators for a time−dependent harmonic oscillator with and without an inverse quadratic potential have been evaluated. It is shown that these propagators depend only on the solutions of the classical unperturbed oscillator. The relations between these propagators, the invariants, and the Schrödinger equation are also discussed.
The exact solutions to the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for a harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency were derived in a general form. The quantum mechanical propagator was calculated by the Feynman path integral method, while the wave function was derived from the spectral representation of the obtained propagator. It was shown that the propagator and the wave function depended on the s solution of a classical oscillator, in which the amplitude and phase satisfied the auxiliary equations. To demonstrate the derivation of the solution from our auxiliary equations, exponential and periodic functions of mass with constant frequency were imposed to evaluate the propagator and wave function for the Caldirola-Kanai and pulsating mass oscillators, respectively.
The problem of a quantal harmonic oscillator with damping and a time-dependent frequency acted on by a time-dependent perturbative force is exactly solved. The wavefunctions are found in Schrödinger representation using the theory of explicitly time-dependent invariants and also by an expansion of the Feynman propagator. The propagator is obtained in exactly closed form by an explicit path integration of the classical Lagrangian. It is found that the wavefunctions and the propagator depend only on the solution of classical damped oscillator through a single function ρ (t). The function ρ (t) itself may be obtained as a solution of a second order nonlinear differential equation under the appropriate set of initial conditions.
In this paper, the propagators for a particle moving in a time-dependent linear potential and a free particle with linear damping are calculated by the application of the integrals of the motion of a quantum system. The propagator for a charged harmonic oscillator is derived from the Feynman path integrals and the propagator for a damped harmonic oscillator is evaluated by the Schwinger method. The relation between the integrals of the motion, Feynman path integrals, and Schwinger method are also described.
The quantal problem of a particle interacting in one dimension with an external time-dependent quadratic potential and a constant inverse square potential is exactly solved. The solutions are found both in the Schrödinger representation, by using a generating function or a time-dependent raising operator, and in the Heisenberg picture. They depend only on the solution of the classical harmonic oscillator. The generalizations to the n-dimensional problem and to the problem of N particles in one dimension, interacting pairwise via a quadratic time-dependent potential and a constant inverse square potential, are finally sketched.