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Journal of Physics E Scientific Instruments

A system for resonance fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy using an argon laser as the light source

W. Graham Richards, John A. Hall, A.R. Taylor

Published Feb 1, 1969• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A spectroscopic system for observing low intensity sources, in particular resonance fluorescence or Raman spectra, by excitation with laser radiation is described. The sample may be placed inside the laser cavity or, more conveniently, in an external cell. The system is such as to allow relative depolarization studies to be made directly and very conveniently. For the feeblest sources an image intensifier is used as the detector.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3735/2/2/305

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A spectroscopic system for observing low intensity sources, in particular resonance fluorescence or Raman spectra, by excitation with laser radiation is described. The sample may be placed inside the laser cavity or, more conveniently, in an external cell. The system is such as to allow relative depolarization studies to be made directly and very conveniently. For the feeblest sources an image intensifier is used as the detector.
In this contribution quantum-effects in the radiation-atom interaction will be reviewed. It is well known that most of the phenomena involving laser light can be described by semi-classical methods however phenomena such as laser noise the spectra and photon statistics of resonance fluorescence and the interaction of atoms in the single-atom maser require a quantization of the radiation field. In this paper we will describe results on the latter two effects. We will start with the discussion of resonance fluorescence. 1. RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE The resonant interaction of laser light with atomic systems has received considerable theoretical and experimental attention over the past decade. Until the advent of the laser light sources for spectroscopy consisted of ordinary spectral lamps excited by DC or RF discharges and produced light having a very broad spectral width and hence very short correlation time and a relatively low intensity. For such fields both the experimental and theoretical results are in general well understood. However the development of the laser made available light sources which are sufficiently intense that an atomic (or molecular) transition can be very easily saturated. In addition the lasers are highly monochromatic having a coherence time much greater than typical natural lifetimes of excited atomic states and finally tunable making it possible to selectively excite particular atomic transitions. The theoretical analysis of this physical situation requires the use of techniques more general than
A high-resolution resonant Raman spectroscopy system has been developed by using optical fibers and applied to the spin-flip Raman scattering experiment in CdZnTe/ CdZnMnTe quantum wells at 3 He temperature in a high magnetic field up to 14 T. Excitation light from an external cavity laser diode or Ti:sapphire laser was introduced into the liquid 3 He chamber by using polarization maintain fiber, and was incident on the sample at the angle of 45 degree through a GRIN collimation lens and a prism to deflect the reflected light from the luminescence/scattering detection pass. Luminescence and scattered light were collected efficiently into the bundled multi-mode fibers through a high NA objective lens and introduced into the slit of a 1.26 m single grating spectrometer equipped with a multi-channel CCD detector and a photon counter. The fiber system provides a convenient way to investigate the spin dynamics in an ideal environments; ultra-low temperature and radiation-free condition. Furthermore, the system is more sensitive than the conventional system utilizing a cryostat with the optical windows where multiple Fresnel loss and the small numerical aperture degrade the sensitivity.