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Fortschritte der Physik

Photon-Wavepackets as Flying Quantum Bits

Klaus M. Gheri, Klaus Ellinger, Thomas Pellizzari, P. Zoller

Published Jun 1, 1998• 65 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel description of the interaction of quantum optical systems with a single one-photon wave packet in terms of a generalized master equation is introduced. A corresponding quantum Monte-Carlo wavefunction simulation algorithm can be obtained from the driven system approach [H. J. Carmichael, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2273 (1993); C. W. Gardiner, ibid. 2269 (1993)].

DOI
10.1002/(sici)1521-3978(199806)46:4/5<401::aid-prop401>3.0.co;2-w

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Using master equation and quantum Monte Carlo wavefunction approaches, we study the circumstances surrounding the emergence and degradation of the elusive squeezing of fluctuations in two-level atom resonance fluorescence. For its measurement we suggest conditional homodyne detection (CHD) [G.T. Foster, L.A. Orozco, H.M. Castro-Beltran, H.J. Carmichael, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, pp. 3149-3152, 2000], which is nearly independent of detector efficiencies, which have harmed previous attemps. Squeezing in resonance fluorescence requires a weak laser, so the average interval between emitted photons is much longer than the regression time to the steady state; here, the spectrum of the out-of-phase quadrature is a negative peak. In CHD, moderate fields generate a non-zero third-order correlation in the dipole fluctuations that contaminates squeezing, making the noise non- Gaussian. If the probability to emit two and even three close photons is still small the additional contribution is also negative, helping to make the full spectrum a bit larger and easier to measure. Strong driving spreads the photoemission distribution, which destroys squeezing, and the third order fluctuations become responsible for the non-classicality of the fluorescence.