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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Circularly polarised resonance fluorescence of85Rb excited with pi polarised D2line

M Krainska-Miszczak

Published Mar 28, 1979• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Circularly polarised components of the resonance fluorescence of85Rb excited with the pi polarised D2line are investigated in a magnetic field in the range 0-170 G. A difference in the intensities of the sigma-and sigma+components is reported. As a result orientation can be obtained in the ground state of alkali atoms.
DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/12/6/003

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In this letter we study magnetic circular dichroism in alkali atoms exhibiting asymmetric behaviour of magnetically induced transitions. The magnetic field B ∥ k induces transitions between Δ F = ± 2 hyperfine levels of alkali atoms and in the range of ∼ 0.1 -- 3 kG magnetic field, the intensities of these transitions experience significant enhancement. We have inferred a general rule applicable for the D 2 lines of all alkali atoms, that is the transition intensity enhancement is around four times larger for the case of σ + than for σ − excitation for Δ F = + 2 , whereas it is several hundreds of thousand times larger in the case of σ − than that for σ + polarization for Δ F = − 2 . This asymmetric behaviour results in circular dichroism. For experimental verification we employed half-wavelength-thick atomic vapor nanocells using a derivative of the selective reflection technique, which provides a sub-Doppler spectroscopic linewidth ( ∼ 50 MHz ). The presented theoretical curves well describe the experimental results. This effect can find applications particularly in parity violation experiments.
The dependence of the circular polarization of the fluorescence of alkali atoms on the intensity and spectral composition of the σ+-polarized exciting D1 line has been investigated by considering the stationary solutions of rate equations for populations of the Zeeman sublevels. The calculations were performed for pumping-light intensities corresponding to those of classical light sources, e.g., radio frequency or microwave discharge lamps, and commonly accepted values of cross sections for collisional relaxation of ground-state and excited atoms. The systematic errors of cross sections for collisional disorientation of 2P1/2 alkali atoms due to the neglect of intensity and spectral composition of the exciting light are estimated.
We have made measurements of the spectrum of resonance fluorescence emitted by sodium atoms in an intense, uniform, monochromatic field. The transition used in the experiment was between the 32S123^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}32S21​​ (F=2F=2F=2, mF=2{m}_{F}=2mF​=2) ground state and the 32P323^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}32P23​​ (${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3$, ${m}_{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3$) excited state. A separate light beam, circularly polarized and resonant with this transition, was used to prepare the sodium atoms in the F=2F=2F=2, mF=2{m}_{F}=2mF​=2 magnetic sublevel. This pumping scheme was used to obtain the spectrum for both on- and off-resonance excitations. The measurements are in good agreement with Mollow's calculation. In addition, we describe conditions under which we observed asymmetric spectra similar to those of earlier experiments.
The polarization of the resonance fluorescence of interacting atoms and the transfer of coherence, due to the exchange of excitation, are studied theoretically. The treatment is for the general case where both the excited and the ground states can have arbitrary angular momenta, except that they can be connected to each other by an allowed transition. Electrostatic dipole–dipole interaction and electromagnetic radiative interaction are considered simultaneously as the perturbations on the system. Heitler and Ma's generalized time-dependent perturbation method is used. The system is quantized with respect to the space-fixed z axis and a static magnetic field along the z axis may be present, so that the magnetic sublevels (m, m′, etc., for the excited state J, and α, β, etc., for the ground state J′) are not necessarily degenerate. The intensity of the scattered light of a given polarization, in a given direction, is expressed as a function of kR (where ℏck is the energy of excitation and R is the internuclear distance), and of the orientation of R with respect to z axis. The matrix elements (ℏ / 2)γmβ,αm′ and Vmβ,αm′, which cause resonant transfer of excitation between two atoms through radiative and electrostatic interaction, respectively, are also expressed as a function of kR, and of the orientation of R. For randomly oriented atoms, the polarization after being averaged over the random orientation of R becomes a function of kR. Numerical calculations have been carried out for S01 → 1P1 transition. The coherence is shown to be conserved upon resonant transfer of excitation when R is parallel to the quantization axis.
Frequency-modulated light was generated by the application of a magnetic field oscillating at frequencies in the range 1-10 MHz to mercury vapour undergoing resonance fluorescence. The characteristics of the fluorescent light have been studied. When the primary illumination in the plane perpendicular to the field is anisotropic the sigma components are coherently excited. The light emitted along the field is then polarization-modulated. It becomes intensity-modulated if it is passed through a linear analyser. The light emitted obliquely to the magnetic field is intensity-modulated without passing through an analyser. The amplitudes of these modulations show resonance behaviour under the application of an additional static field parallel to the oscillating field. The polarization-modulated light was used to excite resonance fluorescence in a second cell of mercury vapour. The fluorescent light is intensity-modulated. The amplitude of modulation shows resonance behaviour when harmonics of the driving frequency coincide with Zeeman intervals in the excited atoms. These resonances have been explored in detail. They are satisfactorily interpreted by a theory given in an accompanying paper.