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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Resonant electromagnetic field effects on trimers and dimers

V. V. Maksimov, А. Н. Орлов, Alexander M. Prokhorov

Published Mar 1, 1995• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The interaction changes between three molecules in trimers due to excitation presence are calculated. The consideration did not take into account the resonant quanta degradation processes (heating). In the frame of two-level approximation the strengthenings of dimers and trimers were found. In case of gas this effect can lead to balance shift. If resonant molecules are on a surface, the clusters strengthening because of quantum exchange may be regarded as the adsorption potential deepening.

DOI
10.1117/12.203621

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The interaction changes between three molecules in trimers due to excitation presence are calculated. The consideration did not take into account the resonant quanta degradation processes (heating). In the frame of two-level approximation the strengthenings of dimers and trimers were found. In case of gas this effect can lead to balance shift. If resonant molecules are on a surface, the clusters strengthening because of quantum exchange may be regarded as the adsorption potential deepening.
Exciting experiments in the field of atom and molecule optics have lately drawn much attention to the effects involved in the coherent diffraction of particle beams. We review the influence of the finite size of the particles and of their energy level spectrum on the diffraction pattern. In turn, we demonstrate how experimental diffraction measurements allow to determine these quantities of weakly bound molecules by considering the diffraction of the dimer and trimer of helium, and the deuterium molecule dimer.
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We show that the resonant dipole-dipole interaction can give rise to bound states between two and three Rydberg atoms with nonoverlapping electron clouds. The dimer and trimer states arise from avoided level crossings between states converging to different fine-structure manifolds in the limit of separated atoms. We analyze the angular dependence of the potential wells, characterize the quantum dynamics in these potentials, and discuss methods for their production and detection. Typical distances between the atoms are of the order of several micrometers which can be resolved in state-of-the-art experiments. The potential depths and typical oscillation frequencies are about one order of magnitude larger as compared to the dimer and trimer states investigated by M. Kiffner et al. [Phys. Rev. A 86, 031401(R) (2012)] and M. Kiffner, W. Li, and D. Jaksch [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 233003 (2013)], respectively. We find that the dimer and trimer molecules can be aligned with respect to the axis of a weak electric field.
We develop an Effective Field Theory (EFT) for a system with three distinguishable atomic species and present a variational calculation of the two and three-body binding energies in vacuum and in the presence of a single Fermi sea. Specifically, we consider the case where the interaction between first two atomic species is externally driven so as to produce a (non-universal) closed-channel dimer whose coupling can be controlled independently of all other interactions. We then model the remaining interactions as a contact interaction between the dimer and a third atomic species which forms the medium. We derive analytical expressions for the dimer and trimer binding energies in vacuum and in medium, and in the latter case we predict a crossing between the dimer and trimer branches as a function of the atom-dimer scattering length, analogous to the usual polaron and molecule problem. Furthermore, we show that the position of this crossing can be controlled by varying the atom-atom coupling that results from the external drive and we discuss the implications of these findings.
The susceptibility of a quantum coherent gas is derived near resonance and the effect of dipole-dipole interactions are assessed for a three-level system using mean-field theory. It is shown that the gas exhibits an ultralarge index effect with no absorption with the dipole effects included, but that for large N (number of atoms per unit volume) the dipole interactions have a marked effect. These results imply that the dipole interactions of a coherent gas near resonance do not destroy the ultralarge absorption-free index effect.
We analyze the excitation by an electromagnetic wave of a two-level molecule (or atom) within a rarefied gas. This process differs from the excitation of an isolated molecule because there is significant interaction between the molecule and the surrounding gas particles as they are all polarized by the electromagnetic wave. These interactions lead to corrections to the recoil and Doppler shifts of the molecule's transition frequency. We propose an experiment using saturation spectroscopy to observe sodium molecular transitions near the atomic DDD lines which could easily detect the correction to the first-order Doppler shift caused by the interaction between the sodium molecules and the surrounding atomic vapor.