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AIP conference proceedings

Quantum displacement receiver for M-ary phase-shift-keyed coherent states

Shuro Izumi, Masahiro Takeoka, Mikio Fujiwara, Nicola Dalla Pozza, Antonio Assalini, Kazuhiro Ema, Masahide Sasaki

Published Jan 1, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose quantum receivers for 3- and 4-ary phase-shift-keyed (PSK) coherent state signals to overcome the standard quantum limit (SQL). Our receiver, consisting of a displacement operation and on-off detectors with or without feedforward, provides an error probability performance beyond the SQL. We show feedforward operations can tolerate the requirement for the detector specifications.

DOI
10.1063/1.4903095

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We propose quantum receivers for 3- and 4-ary phase-shift-keyed (PSK) coherent state signals to overcome the standard quantum limit (SQL). Our receiver, consisting of a displacement operation and on-off detectors with or without feedforward, provides an error probability performance beyond the SQL. We show feedforward operations can tolerate the requirement for the detector specifications.
The quantum receiver is an important tool for overcoming the standard quantum limit (SQL) of discrimination errors in optical communication. We theoretically study the quantum receivers for discriminating ternary and quaternary phase-shift-keying coherent states in terms of average error rate and mutual information. Our receiver consists of on-off--type photon detectors and displacement operations without electrical feedforward operations. We show that for the ternary signals, the receiver shows a reasonable gain from the SQL even without feedforward. This scheme is realizable with the currently available technology. For the quaternary signals feedforward operation is crucial to overcome the SQL with imperfect devices. We also analytically examine the asymptotic limit of the performance of the proposed receiver with respect to the number of feedforward steps.
We propose quantum receivers with optical squeezing and photon-number-resolving detectors (PNRDs) for the near-optimal discrimination of quaternary phase-shift-keyed coherent state signals. The basic scheme is similar to the previous proposals [e.g., Izumi et al., Phys. Rev. A 86, 042328 (2012)] in which displacement operations, on-off detectors, and electrical feedforward operations were used. Here we study two types of receivers, one of which installs optical squeezings and the other uses PNRDs instead of on-off detectors. We show that both receivers can attain lower error rates than that in the previous scheme. In particular, we show the PNRD-based receiver has a significant gain when the ratio between the mean photon number of the signal and the number of the feedforward steps is relatively high, in other words, when the probability of detecting two or more photons at each detector is not negligible. Moreover, we show that the PNRD-based receiver can suppress the errors due to dark counts, which the receiver with the on-off detector cannot do with a small number of feedforwards.
Quantum receivers which can discriminate phase shift keying (PSK) and pulse position modulation (PPM) signals below the standard quantum limit have been proposed and some have been demonstrated experimentally. But for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, few literatures have been reported so far. It is important to reduce the average error probability of QAM signals below the standard quantum limit (SQL), since these modulation have a high spectral efficiency. In this paper, we present a quantum receiver for 16-QAM signals discrimination with hybrid structure, which contains a homodyne receiver and a displacement receiver. By numerical simulation, we prove that the performance of the quantum receiver can outperform the SQL, and it can be improved by an optimized displacement.
Many receiver designs have been studied in the past to discriminate Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) quantum states that are used to encode information before transmitting over the communication channel. Among many types of quantum states, there has been significant work on the use of coherent states for encoding information. Previous work has sought to improve the communication performance in terms of various metrics such as error probability of state discrimination and capacities by employing more complex quantum states such as squeezed-displaced states. One of the simplest receivers for state discrimination is the displacement receiver. However, our calculation demonstrates that when we use optimal parameters for a displacement receiver, squeezed-displaced states might not be necessary, and merely using coherent states suffice. We see no performance improvement in terms of probability of error of state discrimination as well as mutual information using displacement receivers when optimal squeezing parameters are used with squeezing operation on the transmitter side for BPSK and QPSK. In addition, we also study the receiver design scheme for QPSK modulation where squeezing is employed at the receiver side. We find that using squeezing operation on the receiver side just before detection provides an advantage in terms of increased mutual information for the low-photon regime compared to when no squeezing is used. For all other cases, squeezing offers no additional advantage.