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Physics Letters A

Which states violate Bell's inequality maximally?

Sandu Popescu, Daniel Rohrlich

Published Oct 1, 1992• 181 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0375-9601(92)90819-8

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We propose a Bell inequality for high-dimensional bipartite systems obtained by binning local measurement outcomes and show that it is tight. We find a binning method for even ddd-dimensional measurement outcomes for which this Bell inequality is maximally violated by maximally entangled states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Bell inequality is applicable to continuous variable systems and yields strong violations for two-mode squeezed states.
Recently, Wildfeuer et al. [Phys. Rev. A 76, 052101 (2007)] studied possible experiments demonstrating nonlocal correlation effects through the violation of various Bell-type inequalities by maximally path-entangled number states of the form $(|N⟩|0⟩+{e}^{i\ensuremath{\varphi}}|0⟩|N⟩)/\sqrt{2}$, the so-called N00NN00NN00N states, and some strong violations were found. In this paper, we re-examine the same Bell-type inequalities with respect to maximally path-entangled coherent states of the form $\mathcal{N}({|\ensuremath{\alpha}⟩}_{a}{|0⟩}_{b}+{e}^{i\ensuremath{\Phi}}{|0⟩}_{a}{|\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{ }{e}^{i\ensuremath{\theta}}⟩}_{b})$. We find in many cases even stronger violations of the Bell-type inequalities than appear to be possible with the N00NN00NN00N states.
In the case of bipartite two-qubit systems, we derive an analytical expression of bound Bell operator for any given pure state. Our result not only manifests some properties of Bell inequality, for example, which may be violated by any pure entangled state and only be maximally violated for a maximally entangled state, but also gives the explicit values of maximal violation for any pure state. Finally we point out that any mixed states which can produce maximal violation of Bell inequality must have a maximal concurrence value.